1). Efficiency of systems (40 pt) You are doing some preliminary calculations for a disinfection system to removal pathogen X. In class we derived the removal efficiency equations for CSTR and PFR based on first order kinetics. Show equations of Efficiency (n) vs. residence time (0) for each type of reactor configuration. Using these equations, make plots on EXCEL of (a) Efficiency (n) vs. residence time (0) and (b) Log Removal (LR) vs. residence time (0) over a scale from 0 to 10 d for each type of reactor, using kinetic rate values of k (d-¹)= 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 (5 lines for each plot). Now, write equations to express as a function of LR for each type of reactor. Using the case of k = 10 d-¹ for each reactor, what residence time is required to reach removal of 2 log, 4 log, 6 log and 8 log for pathogen X? How much harder is it to reach 8 log removal vs. 6 log removal? Comment on the respective efficiencies for CSTR vs. PFR.

Fig: 1