11/27/23, 11:15 AM onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=18741... Questions for Rhetorical Analysis Rhetoric is essentially the art of communication. When you are working on a rhetorical analysis, you are focusing on HOW a text communicates an idea. You will need to move beyond a discussion of just WHAT the text suggests, though identifying the message/intent is an important first step. The rhetorical triangle focuses on the relationships between the author, the audience, and the context. It is important to ask questions that will help us to better understand these relationships. How has the social/political/cultural time-period in which the author is writing impacted the writer's beliefs? If an audience is reading the text 50 years later, how have the shifts and changes in the social/political/cultural climate impacted the reader's reactions to author's ideas. https://onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=187413&d2l_body_ty... 1/7 11/27/23, 11:15 AM onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=18741... THE RHETORICAL TRIANGLE AN OVERVIEW OF THE THREE RHETORICAL APPEALS SPEAKER Ethos is the Greek term for "ethics." but has been made to represent credibility of the person making a communication (the "speaker"). Ethos is established through a variety of factors, including status. awareness, professionalism. celebrity endorsement. research, and so forth. Build ethos to make your audience trust what you are saying. LOGOS ETHOS MESSAGE Logos is the Greek term for "logic." but has been made to represent the facts, research, and other message elements that provide proof or evidence to a claim. Use logos to convince your audience that what they are hearing or seeing is well researched, well built, or otherwise worth their time. TheVisual Communication Guy.com AUDIENCE Pathos is the Greek term for "emotion." but has been made to represent how an audience feels or experiences a message. The appeal of pathos makes a person feel excited. sad, angry. motivated, jealous. or any other number of emotions that may persuade them to act based on what you say. PATHOS We might also look at the techniques the author uses to impact the audience: tone, word choice, style, and organization. For example, how does word choice influence our responses? Two words may have the same denotation (literal meaning), but have different connotations (the feeling or response a word creates). Think of the different reactions we have to the following: skinny vs slender; thrifty vs cheap; or confident vs smug. Finally, consider Aristotle's modes of persuasion: ethos, logos, and pathos. https://onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=187413&d2l_body_ty... 2/7 11/27/23, 11:15 AM Purpose ● onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=18741... ETHOS Credibility Here are some questions that you might use as you work on completing a rhetorical analysis: ● PATHOS Emotion What is the cultural context for this text? • What is the author's intention? ● ● LOGOS Logic What is the rhetorical situation? What events or occasions created a need or opportunity for this text? How does the author's relationship with the audience limit or support the purpose? • Does this text effectively meet its purpose? Audience Who is the primary audience for this text? • Who is the secondary audience for this text? https://onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=187413&d2l_body_ty... 3/7 11/27/23, 11:15 AM onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=18741... What values does the audience hold that the author seeks to appeal to? • What is the audiences' relationship to the subject of the text? How does the author anticipate the audience's needs? • How does the author anticipate the audience's response? ● What are the experiences shared by the author and the audience? What are the values shared by the author and the audience? ● • How might the audience perceive the author's intention? Does the author make assumptions about the audience that hinder the argument? Subject ● What is the central idea or assertion of the text? What are the principle kinds of arguments used? • What are the principle lines of reasoning (logic) used? (LOGOS) How does the author appeal to emotion? (PATHOS) How does the author appeal to reason? (ETHOS) ● ● Is the data used to support the argument qualitative or quantitative? Is the data used to support the argument reliable? Is the data used to support the argument valid? • What background information is provided to help the audience understand the subject? Is it adequate? Tone • What are 2-3 words that describe the tone of the text? ● Are there shifts in tone? (From to At what point(s) do(es) shift(s) in tone occur? https://onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=187413&d2l_body_ty... ● 4/7 11/27/23, 11:15 AM ● ● ● ● . What is the effect of the tone at the end of the text? How does the tone impact the author's credibility? How does the tone impact the audience's reception of the message? ● ● onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=18741... Author's Bias ● What is the function of the shift(s) in tone? How does the author present him/herself? Is the author speaking on behalf of another entity? • What is the author's stake in the message? (Why is this message important to the author?) How does the author establish credibility? . Does the author seem knowledgeable? Does the author seem fair? • How does the author treat people who disagree? • How does the author treat people who agree? Does the author use stereotypes? What is the effect of the tone at the beginning of the text? What is the effect of the tone at the middle of the text? ● ● What is the overall effect of the tone? • Does the author reveal prejudice? ● What are the author's professional affiliations? How might they impact the argument he/she makes? What are the author's personal affiliations? How might they impact the argument he/she makes? How does the author's reputation influence the reception of his/her message? https://onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=187413&d2l_body_ty... 5/7/n/n 11/27/23, 10:55 AM onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Research Remix Assignment.html?ou=187413&d... Reworking the Research Paper GENRE REMIX ASSIGNMENT This is a two-part assignment. Part 1: Remixed paper (at least 500 words) Part 2: Reflection (at least 500 words) You've just finished writing your research paper, a well-researched argument about modern media and its impact on society and/or the individual. However, you wrote it using the standards of the academic essay genre (think the paper's structure, voice, and citation style). That genre may not be the best choice if you were to present the issue to someone outside of an academic situation. Your task now is to take the topic and argument you presented in your research paper and reconstruct it in a genre or style that is better suited for a popular audience. You will submit a remixed paper/text and a reflection that. The Writing Process Step 1: Pick a new genre for your work. You'll have to decide what genre is most appropriate for your topic and purpose. To pick a genre, you want to start by considering who could benefit from your work/message (AUDIENCE). Be specific as you imagine your audience. Then, think about HOW you could best reach that audience. Would your audience read a newspaper, listen to speech, receive a letter, etc.? Choose from one of the following: ▪ a letter ■ a speech ▪ an Op-Ed piece for the Post and Courier or other daily or weekly publication ▪ a cover letter to a petition for others to sign ▪ a wiki entry ▪ a mini-TED Talk ▪ an advice column letter and response Step 2: Do some research (yes, research) about that genre to determine its characteristics and norms. You'll want to know about the expected format, appropriate tone, and standards of style. Find some examples of the genre and pay attention to how the author crafts and presents the message. https://onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Research Remix Assignment.html?ou=187413&d21_body_type=3 1/3 11/27/23, 10:55 AM onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Research Remix Assignment.html?ou=187413&d... Step 3: Make a plan for how you will convince your new audience of your stance on the topic. You'll likely use the same sources that you used in the research paper, but recognize that you'll be using them in different ways. Citation styles might be different, and this audience might be convinced by different types of sources (more emphasis on credible news organizations, less on peer-reviewed journals). Consider the rhetorical strategies that you will use (ethos, logos, pathos, tone, word choice, etc). Step 4: CREATE a new work. There is room for creativity here. Explore a new voice and style. Step 5: REFLECT: To go along with your reworked research paper, write a thoughtful and detailed reflection in which you explain the choices you made as you crafted your remix. This is where you are offering an analysis of your own rhetorical choices. You might even review some of the questions for rhetorical analysis. Your reflection should respond to the following questions: 1. Who was the target audience of your Research Remix? Offer a detailed description of your target audience. You might consider the following: size (a speech to 20 people might differ from a speech written for 1000), location, age, socio-economic status, gender, interests, occupations, etc. 2. What was the purpose of the text you produced? 3. What type of text did you produce for the Research Remix? How was this the best decision in light of your chosen audience and purpose? 4. What generic expectations would an audience have of the type of text you chose for the Research Remix? How do you know this? Describe some of the conventions of the genre (you might have to do a little research and reading). In what ways did you comply with these expectations? In what ways will you purposely violate these expectations? What did you do? Why? 5. How do you want your audience to respond to this text you composed for the research remix? What specific choices did you made to reach your audience? Point out examples of ethos, logos, pathos, tone, etc. Your reflection should help the instructor understand how to experience the Remix. Writing Tips Shape your writing to fit a particular rhetorical situation By far the biggest task ahead of you in this paper is to understand the rhetorical situation you're facing. It is radically different from the one that drove your research paper. Your audience is different: you are no longer writing to academics. Your purpose is different: you are trying to persuade more than to inform. And your genre is seriously different: you are not writing an academic essay with everything that goes with it. Use a variety of strategies to generate ideas, create a first draft, revise ideas and organize and edit paragraphs and sentences. https://onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Research Remix Assignment.html?ou=187413&d21_body_type=3 2/3 11/27/23, 10:55 AM onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Research Remix Assignment.html?ou=187413&d... You will want to approach this paper differently than you did the research paper. A large part of your grade will be based on how well you address the genre you choose. Hence, you are going to need to research that genre. Read a lot of examples, find sources that discuss effective writing of that type, and talk to me. Identify and evaluate the underlying values of arguments. A popular audience is convinced by different types of sources than an academic one. While we academics like to see material published in peer reviewed journals and scholarly books, the populace puts more emphasis on reports from credible news organizations and quality magazines. That doesn't mean that peer reviewed pieces have no role in your paper - they just shouldn't dominate the sources that you use. You will also really want to think about how to convince this particular audience. What will students at TTC find convincing? What will get your hometown residents motivated? The arguments that you use will, by and large, determine the effectiveness of this paper. Earning the Grade When I review your assignment, I'm looking to see that your remix and reflection show: 1. an understanding of your audience 2. clear rhetorical strategies for achieving your desired purpose 3. an understanding of the generic expectations for the type of document that you are composing. Hence, it is important to do some research to see examples of successful pieces in that field/genre 4. a clear articulation of the decisions you made and why you made them. Refer back to some of the rhetorical choices we learned about for our rhetorical analysis assignment. an appropriate persona for the audience, purpose, and genre that you have chosen 5. appropriate use of conventions, including MLA, APA, or an appropriate citation formatting. (Make sure that all of this this is demonstrated in the Remix and discussed in the Reflection Notes: The Writing Center is an excellent resource! Do not forget to take advantage of the opportunity to work with writing tutors - IT'S FREE! Late Assignment Submissions: This is the last assignment due for the course, on the last possible due date. There are no late work exceptions. Documents should be in .doc, .docx, or .pdf format. Mac users, D2L does not accept .pages, so you'll need to convert those files to one that it will accept. Links to Google Docs are also not accepted. You'll need to download your Google Doc as one of the acceptable file extensions, then upload it to the submission folder. https://onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Research Remix Assignment.html?ou=187413&d2l_body_type=3 3/3

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11/27/23, 11:15 AM onlcourses.tridenttech.edu/content/enforced/187413-ENG101_W40_23FA_F2/Questions for Rhetorical Analysis.html?ou=18741... Questions for Rhetorical Analysis Rhetoric is essentially the art of communication. When you are working on a rhetorical analysis, you are focusing on HOW a text communicates an i