A pipe which is carrying water turns through 45° in the horizontal plane, at the same time it reduces diameter from 0.55m at the entrance to the bend to 0.25m at the exit. The water is measured as flowing at the rate of 400 litres/s with a pressure at the entrance of 1.5 bar. Neglecting any head loss due to friction, calculate the force exerted by the water on the bend, and its direction of application.