answer both of these questions 1 the famous bayeux tapestry briefly ex
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Answer both of these questions :
1. the famous Bayeux tapestry. Briefly explain the context and
events depicted in the Tapestry and compare how the tapestry
celebrates a military victory with how we today use film, TV,
books, music, and more to celebrate victory.
2. You read about famous female monastic Hildegard von Bingen,
and you can read for yourself a selection from her “Scivias”
[Reading 10.4 at the end of Chapter 10), in which she describes
her vision. What is the vision she sees and what does she say
it means? Do you agree with her opinions about humanity and
sin?
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Page 98
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The Scivias was officially designated by the pope as divinely
inspired.
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Page 124
Fiefdom and Monastery, Pilgrimage and Crusade READINGS
READING 4b from Hildegard of Bingen, Scivias
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Reading 4a,b: Hildegard of Bingen: Scivias trans. by Columba
Hart and Jane Bishop.
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Like her Scivias, Hilde- gard's music is designed to illuminate
spiritual truths.
696
READINGS
READING 4b
from Hildegard of Bingen, Scivias
Hildegard of Bingen's remarkable Scivias ("Know the Ways of the Lord") is a compilation of her visions and her analy-
ses of them. The following is her vision of the devil. After describing her vision, she analyzes it line by line, and in
so doing creates a vision of hell sufficient to frighten any soul into accepting a Christian calling. Such visions of the
devil would become commonplace in the art of Hildegard's time (see Fig. 23), but hers is one of the earliest and most
powerful presentations.
Then I saw a burning light, as large and as high as a moun-
tain, divided at its summit as if into many tongues. And there
stood in the presence of this light a multitude of white-clad
people, before whom what seemed like a screen of translu-
cent crystal had been placed, reaching from their breasts to
their feet. And before that multitude, as if in a road, there lay
on its back a monster shaped like a worm, wondrously large
and long, which aroused an indescribable sense of horror and
rage. On its left stood a kind of marketplace, which displayed
human wealth and worldly delights and various sorts of mer-
chandise; and some people were running through it very fast
and not buying anything, while others were walking slowly and
stopping both to sell and to buy. Now that worm was black and
bristly, covered with ulcers and pustules, and it was divided
into five regions from the head down through the belly to its
feet, like stripes. One was green, one white, one red, one
yellow and one black; and they were full of deadly poison. But
its head had been so crushed that the left side of its jawbone
was dislocated. Its eyes were bloody on the surface and burn-
ing within; its ears were round and bristly: its nose and mouth
were those of a viper, its hands human, its feet a viper's feet,
and its tail short and horrible.
And around its neck a chain was riveted, which also bound
its hands and feet and this chain was firmly fastened to a rock
in the abyss, confining it so that it could not move about as its
wicked will desired. Many flames came forth from its mouth,
dividing into four parts: One part ascended to the clouds,
another breathed forth among secular people, another among
spiritual people, and the last descended into the abyss. And
the flame that sought the clouds was opposing the people who
wanted to get to Heaven. And I saw three groups of these.
One was close to the clouds, one in the middle space between
the clouds and the earth, and one moved along near the earth;
and all were shouting repeatedly, "Let us get to Heaven!" But
they were whirled hither and thither by that flame; some did
not waver, some barely kept their balance and some fell to
the earth but then rose again and started toward Heaven. The
flame that breathed forth among secular people burned some
of them so that they were hideously blackened and others it
transfixed so that it could move them anywhere it wanted.
Some escaped from the flame and moved toward those who
sought Heaven, reiterating shouts of "O you faithful, give us
help!" But others remained transfixed. Meanwhile, the flame
that breathed forth among spiritual people concealed them in
obscurity; but I saw them in six categories. For some of them
were cruelly injured by the flame's fury; but when it could not
injure one of them, it burningly breathed on them the deadly
poison that flowed from the worm's head to its feet, either
green or white or red or yellow or black. But the flame that
sought the abyss contained in itself diverse torments for those
who had worshiped Satan in place of God, not washed by the
font of baptism or knowing the light of truth and faith. And I
saw sharp arrows whistling loudly from its mouth, and black
smoke exhaling from its breast, and a burning fluid boiling up
from its loins, and a hot whirlwind blowing from its navel, and
the uncleanness of frogs issuing from its bowels; all of which
affected human beings with grave disquiet. And the hideous
and foul-smelling vapor that came out of it infected many
people with its own perversity. But behold, a great multitude
of people came, shining brightly; they forcefully trod the worm
underfoot and severely tormented it, but could not be injured
by its flames or its poison. And I heard again the voice from
Heaven, saying to me....
3. The deceptions of the Devil lie in the path humans take in
this world
And before that multitude, as if in a road, there lies
on its back a monster shaped like a worm, wondrously
large and long. This means that the ancient serpent is
well-known to humanity in the course of the pilgrimage of
the good and the bad through the world, not in that visible
form but in its inner meaning. Its mouth is gaping upward
in order to pull down by deception those who are tending
toward the celestial regions; but it is lying down, because
the Son of God destroyed so much of its strength that it
cannot stand up. And it arouses an indescribable sense
of horror and rage; for the mental capacity of mortal
humans is insufficient to understand the manifold varia-
tions of its poisonous fury and malicious exertions.
4. The Devil offers fraudulent riches and delights, and some
buy them
On its left stands a kind of marketplace, which
displays human wealth and worldly delights and
various sorts of merchandise. For the left hand of the
destroyer signifies death, and there is seen a marketplace
composed of Death's evil works: pride and vainglory in
corruptible riches, licentiousness and lust for transitory
pleasures, and trafficking in all kinds of earthly desires.
Thus those who would be terrified by the horror of the Devil
if they met it openly are deceived by these things; they are
lightly offered persuasions to vice as a merchant displays
his diverse wares to people, and delighted by the display so
that they buy what is offered. So the Devil offers humanity
Fiefdom and Monastery, Pilgrimage and Crusade
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