Assignment 4 starts. Available on Mar 4, 2024 12:00 AM. Access restricted before availability Prepare a written paper in response to the following prompts: 1) What are Moore and Kleiman's six drug control strategies? Note: give a short description on each. 2) Explain the strengths and weaknesses/challenges of each. Note: use outside resource and opinions required. 3) Provide a description of how each can be effective and the challenges of each. Note: Opinion needed. 4) Why are all six important to use in efforts to deal with the drug problem? Assignment Overview Instructional Materials Each week, you will read assigned materials from the required course textbook. Short lectures are also provided weekly. In addition to the required reading/viewing, supplemental resources are offered to enrich your learning. Both required and supplemental materials are provided in the Instructional Materials topics in the course Content area. Personal notations: APA; In-text citations WITH PAGE NUMBERS; Reference page; 320 word minimum; Try to utilize powerpoint resources. Also, Utilize textbook excerpts with page numbers (below) and at least 2 Outside resources. This is a Dropbox Assignment! 1) I need APA knowledgeable Tudors. Please do not train new employees on my time. 2) All Dropbox assignments must have reports provided from: https://www.zerogpt.com/ ; Turnitin; and plagiarism report. 3) Please take notice that I am a long-term customer with a history of reasonable charges. Do not overprice your services. Apply and cite applicable powerpoint information (2 included), where and if applicable). Once you complete Assignment 3, submit it to: Turnitin dropbox. Al will be checked by "TURNITIN” and “https://www.zerogpt.com/”. | will need these reports, as well as Plagiarism report. Optional Resources Article: Organized Crime Infiltration in the Supply Chain This article from Kroll.com looks at the organized crime infiltration of business operations, including critical supply chain management. Textbook citation: Lyman, M. D., & Potter, G. (2018). Organized Crime (7th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://ccis.vitalsource.com/books/9780134831763 Page 204 - 206: Drug-Control Strategies One of the more important problems associated with the illicit drug problem is the violence that is associated with it. An unfortunate side- effect of drug-related violence is that it often spills over into neighborhoods where innocent people may be injured or killed. Many other negative consequences can be observed. For example, some people fear that inner cities are becoming spawning grounds for the next generation of organized crime. In many areas drug-related street crimes, such as burglaries, robberies, and carjackings, are increasing. Furthermore, public health, economic well-being, and family stability are threatened due to the irresponsibility of drug users. Various police departments around the country have implemented an array of enforcement initiatives to control the drug trade over the years. Some of these have proved more successful than others, but researchers Moore (1990) and Kleiman (1988) have developed six suggestions for alternative drug strategies in drug-infested neighborhoods. Strategy 1: Expressive Law Enforcement Essentially, expressive law enforcement is a law enforcement-oriented strategy, which suggests that more police resources be devoted to the drug problem, resulting in maximum arrests for drug offenses. This is accomplished by expanding the authority and resources of the Narcotics Bureau to the point that it becomes more productive. In addition, the patrol division should be equipped and encouraged to make more drug arrests. YOU DECIDE Should Drugs Be Legalized? Any drug-control policy hinges on the aspects of the drug-trafficking problem that are deemed most important and the costs and efficacy of any particular policy. The policy option of outright legalization of dangerous drugs has been considered over the years. As the most radical approach to drug control, legalization means different things to different people. At one extreme it means complete elimination of any legal restrictions on the production, distribution, possession, or use of any drug. At the other extreme, it can mean allowing some limited uses of some drugs, producing the drugs only under government auspices, distributing them through tightly regulated distribution systems, and creating severe criminal penalties for the production or use of drugs outside the authorized system. The goal of legalizing drugs is to bring them under effective legal control. If it were legal to produce and distribute drugs, legitimate businesspeople would enter the business, which should lessen the need for violence and corruption, since the industry would have access to the courts to settle disputes. Instead of absorbing tax dollars as targets of expensive enforcement efforts, the drug sellers should begin to pay taxes. Legalization might well solve the organized crime aspect of the drug-trafficking problem. On average, legalized drug use might not be as destructive to users and to society as it is under the current prohibition because drugs would be less expensive, purer, and more conveniently available. However, by relaxing opposition to drug use and making drugs more freely available, legalization might fuel a significant increase in the level of drug use. It is not unreasonable to assume that the number of people who become chronic, intensive users would increase substantially. It is this risk, as well as a widespread perception that drug use is simply wrong, that mitigates against outright legalization. An alternative is to choose a system more restrictive than outright legalization, but one that still leaves room for legitimate uses of some drugs. Arguably, such a policy would produce some of the potential benefits of legalization without accelerating growth in the level of drug use. The difficulty is that wherever the boundary between the legitimate and illicit use of drugs is drawn, an illicit market will develop just outside the boundary. Indeed, the more restrictive the boundary, the larger and more controlled by organized crime the resulting black market. The existing drug laws in the United States establish a regulatory rather than prohibitionist regime. While most uses of heroin and marijuana are illegal, some research uses of these drugs are authorized under the current laws, and there is discussion of the possible use of these drugs for medical purposes, such as for the treatment of terminal cancer patients. Cocaine is legal for use as a local anesthetic and distributed through licensed pharmacists and physicians. But some legal use of these drugs has not eliminated illicit trafficking. For marijuana, heroin, and cocaine, the restrictions are so sharp relative to the current demand for the drugs that virtually the entire distribution system remains illicit and depends on drug trafficking. For amphetamines, barbiturates, and tranquilizers, the restrictions are fewer, so a larger portion of the demand is met by illegally diverting drugs from their legitimate sources of distribution. Distribution of these drugs takes the form of diversion from legitimate channels, rather than wholly illicit production and distribution. Should drugs be legalized? You decide! Source: Moore, M. (1988). Drug Trafficking. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Strategy 2: Mr. Big Strategy The Mr. Big strategy emphasizes high-level distributors. The primary tactic is to employ sophisticated investigative procedures using wiretaps, informants, and undercover operatives. Loose money is also required to purchase drugs or pay informants. The premise for this strategy is that the immobilization of high-level traffickers will produce larger and more permanent results on the drug-trafficking networks than will arrests of lower-level, easily replaced figures. Strategy 3: Gang Control This strategy addresses one of the most urgent aspects of the current drug problem. Gangs are responsible for a significant increase in homicide rates in the cities in which they operate, and they use violence not only to discipline their own employees but also to intimidate individual citizens who resist their intrusion. One way to address the gang problem is to view drug gangs as the same as youth gangs of the past and adopt similar enforcement strategies. The past strategy was not designed to eliminate gangs, but to take an aggressive stance against gang members, clubhouses, and activities. A second approach is to view gangs as organized criminal enterprises and to use all the techniques that have been developed to deal with more traditional organized crime. These techniques include the use of informants, electronic surveillance, witnesses, long-term undercover investigations, and special criminal statutes that create criminal penalties for conspiracy, extortion, or engagement in criminal enterprises. Strategy 4: Citywide Street-Level Drug Enforcement Another approach is to disrupt open dealing by driving it back indoors or forcing the markets to move so frequently that buyers and sellers.