Assignment: Topic IVs and RDD Provide solutions to questions with explanation, make calculations in R, provide Output, not only formula. 1. Solve Questions 2. Include R Syntax file SET 2: A team of scholars performs the following experiment on the effects of voting advice applications (VAAs) on voting behavior, specifically voting correctly (Lau and Redlawsk 1997) A random sample of 1000 respondents is drawn. Half of the sample is randomly assigned to the treatment, which means they receive a letter encouraging them to use a VAA. The other half do not receive such encouragement. Voting correctly is coded 1 if someone's vote corresponds to what it would have been under full information. Among those who were encouraged to use a VAA, the proportion of people who voted correctly was 0.35. Among those who were not, that proportion was 0.30. Since encouragement does not equate actual treatment intake, the team of scholars also recorded whether someone had actually used a VAA. The team obtains the following information: 1. Of those encouraged to take the treatment, 250 did use a VAA. 2. Of those assigned to the control group, 300 individuals did not use a VAA. Based on the information and what you know from the lecture, please answer the following questions. 1. What is the intention-to-treat effect? A1: The ITT is and why, explain?: 2. How many always-takers are “hiding” among those who used a VAA and were encouraged to do so? A2: The number of always-takers is why and explain: 3. What is the compliance rate? A3: As a percentage, the compliance rate is? Explain why and calculate? 4. What is the LATE? A4: The LATE is and why, explain? 5. The authors find that those encouraged to use a VAA also tended to watch more news about the election. What, if any, assumption is being violated here? A5: What if any, assuption is being violated here? Explain, why and calculate? a.) First-stage b.) SUTVA c.) Monotonicity d.) Exclusion restriction e.) Randomization of the instrument References Lau, Richard R., and David P. Redlawsk. 1997. "Voting Correctly." American Political Science Review 91 (3): 585-98.