AUM American University Of The Middle East Project Report Guidelines Please Follow APA Style: 1. Cover Page • Add title, names and IDs 2. Abstract Summarize what was done. 3. Table of contents 4. List of figures 5. List of tables 6. Introduction • Introduce the case 7. Theory • Explain the concepts behind the case clearly using equations. 8. Procedure • Describe the steps that you followed with the program. 9. Results and discussions • Results and graphs in addition to discussions. Also, answer all the questions in the project file. 10.Conclusion • Conclude what you have learned from the case and mention any problems. 11.References/n 'AUM American University Of The Middle East AUM Lab Project Spring 2024 1 AUM Academic Projects Lab Project Guidelines ME309: Fluid Mechanics Project Title: Aerodynamic numerical analysis of low speed aircraft airfoil 2 AUM Academic Projects [Project Weight: 10%] Semester: Spring 2023 2024 COURSE PROJECT TEMPLATE GUIDELINES I. INTRODUCTION Any atmospheric flying objects, ships and aircrafts need to go through various CFD simulations and wind tunnel tests for better design and lift & drag force tests are some of the most important tests that it has to go through. Lift and drag coefficients are two of the primary concerns of these tests. Furthermore, flow over immersed bodies is an important part of fluid mechanics and it has to be experimentally experienced and visualized to validate numerical results. So wind tunnel experiments become very important. However, wind tunnel testing is expensive. And only a few educational Institutions have wind tunnels with an accurate force measurement. 3 AUM Academic Projects Figure 1: Airfoil in wind tunnel testing An airfoil is the 2D cross-section shape of the wing, which creates sufficient lift with minimal drag. Main types: - - Flat bottom airfoil Semi-Symmetric airfoil Symmetrical airfoil AUM Academic Projects Flat bottomed Semi-symmetrical Symmetrical Figure 2: some examples of airfoil types II. TERMINOLOGY AND THEORY: The Airfoil angle of attack a relative wind chord line camber line upper surface leading edge max. thickness max. camber lower surface trailing edge Figure 3: Overview of the basic airfoil terminology An airfoil is a 2D shape capable of producing a reactive lift force when in motion relative to the surrounding air. Most commonly known as the cross-sectional profile of an aircraft's wing, Figure 3 gives an overview of the basic airfoil terminology. Lift and Drag Figure 4 shows how the lift and drag forces are defined on an airfoil as forces perpendicular and parallel to the airflow. As the air travels over the top of the airfoil, it accelerates and consequently pressure decreases in this area. Lower pressure on the top of the airfoil than the bottom creates a suction force called lift. Lift is the force that keeps airplanes in the sky. Drag on the other hand, acts in the same direction to the airflow and is generally considered a nuisance, as for example in an airplane, extra fuel must be used to overcome the drag forces. Drag forces arise mainly from friction between the viscous fluid and the surface of the airfoil (skin friction drag) and the difference in pressure between the leading and trailing edges of the airfoil (form drag). 5 AUM Academic Projects