Depression and Attachment with Addiction to Cell Phones Introduction Addiction to cell phone involves a situation where cell phone is used abundantly causing great preoccupation. Literature review indicates that depression is one of the variables that can play an effective role in a variety of behavioral and non-behavioral addictions. Depression is characterized by both psychological symptoms such as lack of a sense of joy and failure tolerance, and vegetative symptoms such as decreased or increased appetite and fatigue. A various studies carried out by Zulkefly and Baharudin," Ha et al.³ and Koo and Park have shown that excessive and addicting use of cell phone is related to depression symptoms, more interpersonal anxiety, poor self-control, low self-sufficiency, and self-esteem. Another psychological factor, which can influence on addiction to a cell phone, is the attachment styles. According adult attachment theory, individual differences in attachment styles arise from the previous experiences concerning intimate relationships with their starting point in the attachment relationships between the baby and his mother (caregiver) Hazan and Shaver categorized adult intimate relationships into three main attachment styles as secure, avoidant, and ambivalent and showed their differences? Studies have shown that excessive use of communication devices are inversely related to the ability of individuals to establish family relationships Lee showed that excessive use of communication means is positively associated with anxious and avoidance attachment style In sum, previous studies and research indicate that addiction lecommunication means including cell phones is associated with multiple personal background variables such as depression and attachment styles. However, personal and social consequences of the increasing use of cell phones among Iranians students and youths are a topic not considered and investigated by experts, professionals and researchers in human sciences, especially psychology, despite its importance. Given the cultural differences and widespread progressing wave of using cell phones among youths and university students and the risk of dependency and addiction to it, the present study aims at investigating the role of depression and Addict Health, Summer & Autumn 2015; Vol 7, No 3-4 Ghasempour and Mahmoodi-Aghdam attachment styles in predicting addiction to cell phone among university students. Methods The research methodology of the present study is descriptive correlational. Statistical population in this study included all students of Payame Noor University (PNU), Reyneh Center, Iran, in the academic year of 2013-2014. A total of 100 students were selected as a sample by volunteer sampling according to the predefined criteria for selection such as being a student, voluntary participation, participant satisfaction, and having no serious medical and psychiatric illnesses. Next, they were asked to complete the study questionnaires. 64% (n = 64) of participants were female and 36% (n = 36) were male. 79% (n=79) were single and 21% (n 21) were married. The average age of participants was 21.54 [standard deviation (SD) 2.761]. Questionnaires used in this study are as follows: Beck depression inventory (BDI-13) This questionnaire consists of 13 self-report items that express specific symptoms of depression. BDI-13 was normalized by Rajabi in Iran.10 Convergent validity of BDI-13 with the original form of the questionnaire, BDI-21, was obtained as r = 0.67 in his study. Rajabi reported internal consistency of BDI-13 as 0.89 and 0.82 based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half respectively. The reliability of BDI-13 in the present study was obtained using Cronbach's alpha as 0.88. Cell phone overuse scale (COS) The scale was developed by Jenaro et al. in 23 items. The COS was normalized by Golmohammadian and Yasaminejad in Iran.i They reported the test reliability as 0.90 using Cronbach's alpha. The reliability of the scale was calculated as -0.71 by scale retest that was significant in 0.001. Reliability of COS scale in this study was obtained as 0.87 using Cronbach's alpha test. Adult attachment inventory (AAI) This questionnaire developed by Hazan and Shaver. The AAI which is composed of 15 items includes three subscales namely avoidant, ambivalent, and secure attachment styles? Hazan and Shaver reported the questionnaire reliability http://ahj.kmu.ac.ir, 7 October 193 Need to paraphrase green highlighted paragraph of this article

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