INSTRUCTIONS Prepare an article on a phytobacterial topic of interest for Plant Health Instructor (PHI https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/resources/Pages/author_guidelines.aspx) for submission at the end of the semester. Full credit will be giving for articles that meet the criteria for PHI by the third version of the paper. The instructor will work with you to submit the manuscript or strategize a method to submit the manuscript if you are interested. for the disease Pirece's disease in grape fields. Pierce's disease Pierce's disease is caused by X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Class y-Proteobacteria. The leaves become brown, beginning at the tips and margins, and progress inward. Necrotic lesions usually are surrounded by a yellow border that separates the brown and green leaf tissues. As the disease develops, leaves drop prematurely so that the petioles remain attached to the stem, appearing like „matchsticks". Hot and arid weather increases symptom development that finally lead to decline. Pierce's disease of grapevine is common in the southern part of USA, in Central America and in South America including some islands in the Caribbean region (Aguilar et al. 2008, McGaha et al. 2007, Stover et al. 2008). A few reports describe Pierce's disease in Europe (Berisha et al. 1998, Boubals 1989), although it has, so far, not become epidemic probably due to the lack of appropriate vectors. During the disease progression, the pathogen invades the grapevine xylem where it attachs to the plant cell wall. The bacterium extensively colonizes these vascular elements forming biofilms in the xylem vessels. This process finally leads to xylem occlusion resulting in blockage of water and nutrient transport (Chatterjee et al. 2008). T he pathogen has an extremely wide host range. Besides grapevine, X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa occurs in several wild plant species that highly promote its survival and spread (Costa et al. 2004, McGaha et al. 2007). X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa cells are transmitted from infected plants to healthy ones by xylem-feeding insects, e. g., leafhoppers and sharpshooters. To reduce economic losses caused by Pierce's disease, it is necessary to remove diseased grapevines from the plantation and potential host plants (weeds) from areas closely surrounding vineyards, and to apply insecticides to control vectors. European (V. vinifera) grapevine cultivars are susceptible to this disease, but a few native American Vitis species (e. g., V. aestivalis, V. arizonica) are resistant (Krivanek et al. 2006). (but no longer than, 10 pages, and must have 1-inch margins, a 12-point Times New Roman font, and line spacing of 2. All material except the references, figures, and tables must be included within the 10-page limit. Need to do in 10 pages, double spaced, apa style https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/page/php/about use this for more research of the assignment