(n) The blood glucose concentration at different glucagon dosages can be estimated from the graph. Use the equation of the regression line found in part (j) and an excel formula to

predict the blood glucose concentration at glucagon dosages of: (1) 3.58 µg per kg body mass (ii) 5.21 µg per kg body mass [5] (0) Which of the estimates made in part (n) do you consider to be the most accurate. Explain your answer. [6] (p) Using the equation for the line of best fit, calculate the glucagon dosage (in ug per kg body mass) which will result in a blood glucose level of 4.55 mmoldm³ using Excel. [3] (q) Comment on the reliability of the data in your Table 2 and state the conclusions that can be made from this experiment. You should identify any anomalies in the data and explain how these may have occurred. If necessary, replot the data after consideration of any anomalies. Under these circumstances is the trend different from the original one that you found in part (j)? [6] (r) Do you consider this investigation to be valid? Identify three variables that should be controlled in this investigation. (s) Give one variable that is difficult to control in this study and explain how this problem was solved in this study? (t) Suggest three improvements that could have been made to the experiment. (u) Give two ways that glucagon can increase blood glucose levels. [4] [2] [3] [2] [Total 60 marks]/n(c) Transfer you excel spreadsheet table into a word document table and label it "Table 2". Give it an appropriate title. [3] (d) Plot a scatter graph for this data using excel. Transfer your scatter graph to your word document and label it "Figure 1". Give it an appropriate title. Do not draw a line of best fit (regression line). (e) Comment about the shape of the scatter shown by the data qualitatively (non-numerically). [4] [1] (f) Calculate the product moment correlation coefficient (R) using an Excel formula without drawing a regression line. [2] (g) Comment on your answer to part (f) by making reference to the correlation and the scatter. [2] (h) Describe the relationship between the variables from your answer in part (g)? [1] (i) On your scatter graph in excel, draw the regression line of the effect of glucagon dosage on the blood plasma glucose concentration [1] (1) Find the equation of the regression line for the blood glucose concentration versus glucagon dosage and make a suitable comment on this equation. [2] (k) Describe precisely what the gradient of your regression line represents in this investigation. [2] (1) Describe precisely what the y-intercept of your line represents in this study. [3] (m) Find the value for R² (the coefficient of determination) for your regression line using Excel. Calculate the value of R, the product moment correlation coefficient, using an excel formula and comment on this value. [3]/nQuestion 1 The effect of the dosage of glucagon administered as an intranasal spray on the resulting blood plasma glucose levels after 60 minutes was studied in eight patients who were diagnosed with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. These individuals had been administered with insulin 120 minutes before glucagon treatment to induce hypoglycaemia. The results of this investigation are shown in the table below: TABLE 1: EFFECT OF GLUCAGON CONCENTRATION ON BLOOD PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVELS IN TYPE I DIABETICS WITH A BODY MASS OF AROUND 60kg (60kg ± 3kg) Glucagon dosage (pg per kg body mass) 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 Blood plasma glucose concentration (mmoldm³) Patient Patient Patient Patient Patient Patient Patient Patient 1 2 4 7 3 8 6 5 3.90 4.01 3.93 4.12 4.20 4.07 3.65 3.88 4.20 4.18 4.29 4.17 4.47 4.37 3.93 4.25 4.51 4.55 4.47 4.76 4.68 4.66 4.30 4.79 4.82 4.86 4.83 4.99 4.96 4.59 4.86 4.95 5.09 5.13 5.11 5.23 5.20 4.91 5.19 5.15 5.40 5.44 5.42 5.55 5.48 5.22 5.36 5.49 5.74 5.79 5.63 5.80 5.79 8.53 5.97 5.73 5.98 4.33 5.99 6.23 6.11 5.84 6.21 5.91 6.25 3.37 6.30 6.73 6.35 3.11 6.51 6.62 (a) Transfer the data in Table 1 into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. [3] (b) Using an appropriate formula in the spreadsheet, calculate the mean blood glucose concentration in the eight patients for each concentration of glucagon and place this in a new column. [2]