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Because the critical stress is greater than the proportional limit, Euler's column formula does not
apply. An allowable load based on the Euler formula would be meaningless.
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PROBLEMS
17.1 Compute the minimum column length for which
Euler's formula applies if the column is pinned at both
ends and consists of
a. A4 X 4 American Standard Timber made of
Southern pine (Tables A.9 and A.10 of the Appen-
dix) for which the proportional limit is 6100 psi.
b. Nominal 4-in. standard weight pipe (Table A.8
of the Appendix) for a proportional limit of
33,000 psi.
17.2 A W14 X 74 steel column has a length of 30 ft. The
steel has a modulus E = 29 x 103 ksi and a propor-
tional limit σp = 33 ksi. Use a factor of safety of 2.
Determine the critical or Euler load and the allowable
load if (a) the ends are pinned, (b) one end is pinned
and the other is fixed, and (c) both ends are fixed. For
section properties, see Table A.3 of the Appendix.
17.3 A W360 x 110 rolled steel column has a length of
9 m. The steel has a modulus of E = 200 × 10° kPa
and a proportional limit σp = 230 × 103 kPa. Use a
factor of safety of 2. Determine the critical or Euler
load and the allowable load if (a) the ends are pinned,
(b) one end is pinned and the other is fixed, and (c)
both ends are fixed. For section properties, see Table
A.3 (SI Units) of the Appendix.
17.4 A boom consists of a 100-mm-diameter steel pipe AB
and a cable BC as shown in the figure. The modulus of
432
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
B
3.6 m-
A
P
PROB. 17.4
1.5 m
50 mm
100 mm
50 mm
<-50 mm
50 mm
100 mm'
PROB. 17.7
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steel E 200 × 10° kPa. Determine the capacity P of 17.5 TANGENT MODULUS
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Southern pine (Tables A.9 and A.10 of the Appen-
dix) for which the proportional limit is 6100 psi.
b. Nominal 4-in. standard weight pipe (Table A.8
of the Appendix) for a proportional limit of
33,000 psi.
17.2 A W14 X 74 steel column has a length of 30 ft. The
steel has a modulus E = 29 x 103 ksi and a propor-
tional limit σp=33 ksi. Use a factor of safety of 2.
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and a proportional limit σp = 230 x 10 kPa. Use a
factor of safety of 2. Determine the critical or Euler
load and the allowable load if (a) the ends are pinned,
(b) one end is pinned and the other is fixed, and (c)
both ends are fixed. For section properties, see Table
A.3 (SI Units) of the Appendix.
17.4 A boom consists of a 100-mm-diameter steel pipe AB
and a cable BC as shown in the figure. The modulus of
Type here to search
432 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
C
B
-3.6 m
A
PROB. 17.4
1.5 m
50 mm
50 mm
100 mm
50 mm
||||
-50 mm
100 mm'
PROB. 17.7
steel E = 200 x 100 kPa. Determine the capacity P of
the boom. Use the Euler formula with a factor of safety
of 3. Neglect the weight of the pipe. Section properties
of pipe: A = 2.05 x 103 mm² and the radius of gyra-
tion r 38.4 mm.
17.5 A boom consists of a 4-in.-diameter steel pipe AB and a
cable as shown. The modulus of steel E = 29 × 103 ksi.
Determine the capacity P of the boom. Use the Euler
formula with a factor of safety of 2.5. Neglect the weight
of the pipe. Section properties of pipe: A = 3.174 in.²
and the radius of gyration r = 1.51 in.
17.5 TANGENT MODULUS
THEORY
The range of the Euler column formula can be extended if
we define a new modulus called the tangent modulus ET. The
tangent modulus is the slope of the stress-strain curve at any
point. It represents the instantaneous relationship between
stress and strain for a particular value of stress. The
stress-strain curve for a ductile material, together with the
stress versus the tangent modulus Er curve for the same ma-
terial, is shown in Fig. 17.7. The slope of the stress-strain
curve is a constant up to the proportional limit. Therefore,
the tangent modulus is also a constant-shown in the figure
as ET, Above the proportional limit, the slope drops rapidly
ne the etrace and strain incronco Thie ie chown in the fimiro
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or pipe: A-2.05 x 10 mm and the radius of gyra-
tion r 38.4 mm.
17.5 A boom consists of a 4-in.-diameter steel pipe AB and a
cable as shown. The modulus of steel E = 29 × 10³ ksi.
Determine the capacity P of the boom. Use the Euler
formula with a factor of safety of 2.5. Neglect the weight
of the pipe. Section properties of pipe: A = 3.174 in.²
and the radius of gyration r = 1.51 in.
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we define a new modulus called the tangent modulus ET. The
tangent modulus is the slope of the stress-strain curve at any
point. It represents the instantaneous relationship between
stress and strain for a particular value of stress. The
stress-strain curve for a ductile material, together with the
stress versus the tangent modulus ET curve for the same ma-
terial, is shown in Fig. 17.7. The slope of the stress-strain
curve is a constant up to the proportional limit. Therefore,
the tangent modulus is also a constant-shown in the figure
as ET. Above the proportional limit, the slope drops rapidly
as the stress and strain increase. This is shown in the figure
for one value as Erg. Substituting the tangent modulus ET
for the elastic modulus E in Eq. (17.5), we write
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9 ft
σC=
πΕτ
(KL/r)²
(17.6)
B
-12 ft
PROB. 17.5
17.6 The cross section of an 18-ft-long column is shown in
the figure. Determine the slenderness ratio if (a) the
ends are pinned, and (b) one end is fixed and the other
end is free.
This equation is the tangent modulus or Engesser formula.
Engesser first proposed the formula in 1889.
The Euler and tangent modulus formulas, Eqs. (17.5)
and (17.6), have been plotted for the same ductile material
in Fig. 17.8. Because the tangent modulus and the elastic
modulus are identical below the proportional limit, the two
curves for critical stress versus the slenderness ratio coin-
cide. Extensive test results indicate close agreement with the
0 VS. €
2 in.
4 in.
2 in.
2 in.
1/4 in. 2
2 in.
PROB. 17.6
Stress, a
Proportional
limit
= arctan ETo
17.7 The cross section of a 5.5-m-long column is shown in
the figure. Determine the slenderness ratio if (a) the
ends are pinned, and (b) one end is fixed and the other
end is free.
Op=arctan ETP
ETQ
ETP
Strain and tangent modulus, e and ET
FIGURE 17.7
0 vs. ET
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The allowable load
P₂ =σA = 19.04 kip/in.2 (1.44 in. 2) = 27.4 kip
Answer
PROBLEMS
17.8 The bracket shown supports a force P. Assume that both
members have their ends pinned in the plane of the
bracket ABC and fixed in a perpendicular plane. The
modulus E = 207 x 10 kN/m², and the yield stress
σy = 375 x 103 kN/m². Determine the allowable load
if the factor of safety is 2. Use Eq. (17.14) or (17.15).
17.9 In the mechanism shown, called a toggle joint, a small
force can be used to exert a much larger force F. As-
sume that both members have their ends pinned in the
plane of the mechanism ABC and fixed in a perpen-
dicular plane. The modulus E = 30 × 103 ksi, and
the yield stress σy = 50 ksi. Determine the allowable
load if the factor of safety is 2.5. Use Eq. (17.14) or
(17.15).
P
30°
20 mm
Columns
437
-4 L152 x 152 x 12.7
Lacing
500 mm
60°
150 mm
150 mm
10 mm
Cross section
of
both members
PROB. 17.8
Cross section
of
both members
500 mm-
PROB. 17.14
cross section shown. E = 200 x 106 kN/m², and
σy = 250 x 10³ kN/m². Use AISC formulas-Eq.
(17.10) or (17.11). For section properties, see Table
A.6 of the Appendix.
17.15 Solve Prob. 17.14 if the column is aluminum alloy
6061-T6. Use Eq. (17.16), (17.17), or (17.18). For sec-
tion properties, see Table A.6 of the Appendix.
17.16 Member BC of the pin-connected truss has a cross
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+/n INSTRUCTIONS
17.2, 4, 6 & 8 using Euler Column Formula Eqn. 17.6 & following homework format
Need to provide typed solutions for this work