Question

(Score for Question 1: of 40 points)

1. Many of the fundamental rights enjoyed by American citizens are explicitly protected by the Bill of Rights.

(a) Explain how the Bill of Rights protects religious freedom while simultaneously maintaining a separation

between the state and religion.

(b) Define incorporation theory, and explain its effect in extending the protections guaranteed by the Bill of

Rights.

Essay:

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(Score for Question 2:

of 40 points)

2. The U.S. Supreme Court has played a critical role in determining exactly what civil rights American possess

and who is entitled to those rights.

(c) Identify the legal doctrine that the Supreme Court articulated in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, and

explain the effects of that decision on civil rights in the United States.

(d) Describe what the court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954, and explain the

effects of that decision on civil rights in the United States.

(e) Describe what the court ruled in Minor v. Happersett in 1875, and explain the effect of that ruling on

the strategy of the woman suffrage movement in the United States.

Essay:

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