WHAT TO DO You need to create the design for project 2 as it is required in the step 1 and need to do final project with all the steps also.

Project 2 is also attached in the reference section, Project 1 is also attached if need design in final project you have to create it Need to perform all the steps in the given project using PSpice, required code with report, follow all the instructions as per the file./n Final Project -Frequency Response of Two-Stage Amp Simulate the Frequency Response of your two-stage BJT class-A power amplifier This project is an individual effort, similar submissions will not be graded ECE3124 PART A: Frequency Response due to External Capacitors Step 1: Simulate the frequency response for your two-stage power amplifier with ideal capacitors Using PSpice, simulate the frequency response of your two-stage power amplifier from Project #2. You will be plotting the current gain in dB. Use the Norton Equivalent for the input source as shown below. R₁ = 64 Q. At this step, all capacitors and inductors in your circuit will be large (1000 F and 1000 H respectively). Gain (dB) 40 30 20 10 0 -10 Your Project #2 (Driver Amp) C₁ C₂ *20*0* 10 ΚΩ PSpice, such as CircuitLab, has an option for plotting the frequency response of the amplifier as a Bode Plot Gain (dB on y-axis and Frequency on x-axis using a log scale. With large external capacitors and inductors, the amplifier gain will be flat down to the low frequencies. The high frequency gain will drop due to the internal transistor capacitors. Here is a typical frequency response plot of the power amplifier current gain from 0.1 Hz to 1000 MHz. 0.1 iin All capacitors should be entered as 1000 F All inductors should be entered as 1000 H 10 Your Project #1 (Power Amp) Typical Frequency Response 1000 Frequency 100000 C3 In CircuitLab, set the input current source with the following settings. R₁ Fall 2023 i out 10000000 1E+09 ECE3124 I_input sine 1 kHz Final Project -Frequency Response of Two-Stage Amp R_input 10 ΚΩ name:_input DCOffset: 0 Phase: 0 Set the frequency response simulation with the following parameters*. Frequency Domain Input: I_input Start: 0.1 End: 500e6 Points/Decade: 20 Sweep Parameter: Outputs: DB( MAG(I(R_load.nA)) / MAG(I(I_input.nA))) Add Expression Advanced Graphing... Hz Hz Run Frequency-Domain Simulation Amplitude: 1e-6 A Frequency 1000 deg Shape: sine Fall 2023 A Hz Set the plot output to simulate the current gain in dB using an equation similar to the following. All other plots can be deleted. Note: for the following equation, the 64 ohm load resistor was renamed as R_load on the schematic. DB( MAG( I(R_load.nA) ) / MAG( I(I_input.nA)) ) Include this current gain Bode plot in your submission. Record the mid-band value, Am, for the current gain in dB. *Note: When simulating your frequency response, you may want to increase the "number of points per decade" for a better cursor resolution when searching for the -3 dB point. Final Project -Frequency Response of Two-Stage Amp Step 2: Simulate the frequency response for the C1 coupling capacitor You will now focus on the frequency response effects associated with the three DC block/Coupling capacitors, C1, C2, and C3. You will start with setting the value for the C1 to 100 µF. All other capacitors, including C2 and C3, and any inductors will be large (1000 F and 1000 H respectively). ECE3124 Gain (dB) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 iin (↑) -5 www 0.01 ● ● C₁₁ Simulate the frequency response of your amplifier with C1 = 100 µF. You should now see a drop in the gain at the lower end of the frequency range. A typical response is shown below. 10 ΚΩ 1 Your Project #2 Your Project #1 (Power Amp) (Driver Amp) 0:0 -3 dB Coupling capacitor C1 = 100 µF All other capacitors should be entered as 1000 F All inductors should be entered as 1000 H Typ. Frequency Respone with C1 100 AM (dB) 10000 C3 Frequency R₁ 1000000 ↓iout Fall 2023 100000000 Find the low-end frequency at the -3dB point using the mid-band gain as the reference, AM (dB) - 3dB. If the start frequency is not low enough to see the -3dB point, you can reduce the start frequency in PSpice. For example, the start frequency for the plot above was lowered to 0.01 Hz. Submit a plot of your frequency response. Record the frequency, f1, at the -3 dB. Step 3: Simulate the frequency response for the C2 coupling capacitor ECE3124 Final Project -Frequency Response of Two-Stage Amp You will repeat Step 2 but now set the value for the C2 to 100 µF. All other capacitors, including C1 and C3, and any inductors will be large (1000 F and 1000 H respectively). iin (↑ WHI C₁ iin (↑ @ 10 ΚΩ Coupling capacitor C2 = 100 µF All other capacitors should be entered as 1000 F All inductors should be entered as 1000 H Your Project #2 (Driver Amp) C₁₁ 10 ΚΩ Your Project #1 (Power Amp) 0·0 Simulate the frequency response of your amplifier with C2 = 100 µF. Find the low-end frequency at the -3dB point. Again, if the start frequency is not low enough to see the -3dB point, you can reduce the start frequency in PSpice. Submit a plot of your frequency response. Record the frequency, ƒ2, at the -3 dB. Step 4: Simulate the frequency response for the C3 coupling capacitor You will repeat Step 2 but now set the value for the C3 to 100 µF. All other capacitors, including C1 and C2, and any inductors will be large (1000 F and 1000 H respectively). Your Project #2 (Driver Amp) Your Project #1 (Power Amp) C3 20 Coupling capacitor C3 = 100 µF All other capacitors should be entered as 1000 F All inductors should be entered as 1000 H C₂ hih H i out Fall 2023 C3 thout R₁ out Simulate the frequency response of your amplifier with C3 = 100 µF. Find the low-end frequency at the -3dB point. Again, if the start frequency is not low enough to see the -3dB point, you can reduce the start frequency in PSpice. Submit a plot of your frequency response. Record the frequency, ƒ3, at the -3 dB. Step 5: List the simulated frequencies and verify at least one-decade between breakpoints For the three frequency above, list them in ascending order. Is there at least one decade between them? For example, 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz. In order to use the Single Time Constant (STC) in a later calculation, it is best if ECE3124 Final Project -Frequency Response of Two-Stage Amp Fall 2023 these frequencies are at least on decade apart otherwise, the STC will not be an accurate representation of the actual frequency response. If your frequencies are not one decade apart, repeat Steps 1, 2 and/or 3 while changing the value(s) of C1, C2, and/or C3. Do not make the capacitors too large as it is important to observe the −3 dB effect for each capacitor. Submit any changes to the plot and the -3 dB frequency(s) Include the following table of the your Mid-band Current Gain, Aì in dB, ƒ¹, ƒ2, ƒ¹, and associated capacitors C1, C2, C3 Mid-band Current Gain, AM (dB) fı (Hz) f₂ (Hz) f3 (Hz) C1 (F) C₂ (F) C3 (F) Step 6: Sketch the Low-Frequency Small Signal Model of your Two-Stage Amplifier Using the low-frequency small-signal model for the npn BJT, sketch the complete small signal model of your two-stage amplifier. Include the coupling capacitors, C1, C2, and C3. in the equivalent small signal model. Submit the sketch of your small signal model. Step 7: Calculate the lowest frequency using the Single Time Constant Method Using small-signal equivalent circuit, calculate the -3 dB frequency associated with the capacitor having the lowest simulated frequency in Step 5. For this case, the other two capacitors will be modeled as an open circuit. Use the STC to calculate this frequency. What is the calculated -3 dB frequency? When calculating the equivalent resistance across this capacitor, do not remove the “dependent” current sources (Thevenin Equivalent resistance). Step 8: Calculate the next frequency using the Single Time Constant Method Continuing with small signal model from Step 6, calculate the -3 dB frequency associated with the capacitor associated with the next simulated -3 dB frequency in Step 5. For this case, the capacitor from Step 6 will be a short and the other capacitor will be modeled as an open circuit. Use the STC to calculate this frequency. When calculating the equivalent resistance across this capacitor, do not remove the “dependent" current sources (Thevenin Equivalent resistance). Step 9: Calculate the last frequency using the Single Time Constant Method Continuing with small signal model from Step 6, calculate the -3 dB frequency associated with the capacitor associated with the largest simulated – 3dB frequency in Step 5. For this case, the capacitors from Step 7 and 8 will be modeled as a short. Use the STC to calculate this frequency. What is the calculated -3 dB frequency? When calculating the equivalent resistance across this capacitor, do not remove the “dependent" current sources (Thevenin Equivalent resistance).