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Expert help when you need it- Q1:Objectives (1 pt): identify the overall goal of the lab and briefly mention the methods used in the experiment along with relevant minor goals.See Answer
- Q2: 6. Orthoesters are compounds that have three alkoxy groups attached to the same carbon.For example, ethyl orthoacetate, CH3C(OCH2CH3)3. When ethyl orthoacetate is treated with dilute aqueous acid, ethyl acetate is obtained. Propose a step-wise mechanism for this reaction using arrows to show electron flow where appropriate. \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{OCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{H}^{+} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O}) \mathrm{OCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}+2 \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}See Answer
- Q3:Question 2. Provide a route for the following. (10 marks)See Answer
- Q4: Compound A has a parent peak of M+ = 95 m/z in its mass spectrum and shows a medium intensity, sharp infrared absorption band at 2280 cm-1.The 'H NMR spectrum of compound A shows 3 signals in a 4 :4:1 ratio. Treatment of Compound A with hot aqueous acid generates Compound B (M+= 113 m/z; strong infrared absorption 1723, medium3350 cm-1). Compound B can be transformed back to A by using SOCI2. Finally Compound B can be transformed with lithium aluminum hydride (ether) then aqueous acid to Compound C (M+ = 99 m/z). Identify Compounds A, B, C. State your reasoning.See Answer
- Q5: Q1. Write the ionization reaction and the ion-product expression (Qsp) at equilibrium for each compound: \text { a) } \mathrm{Sr}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2} \text { b) } \mathrm{Ag}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4} \text { c) } \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}See Answer
- Q6: Because fingerprints are unique to an individual (even between identical twins), they are useful information in forensic situations. To make fingerprints visible, various chemistry can be used. Cyanoacrylate fumes are the most common method of developing fingerprints, turning them white. a) One such compound is ethyl cyanoacrylate, which can be synthesized as below. Propose a mechanism for the reaction, identifying the driving force for the reaction.[4] b) Propose a mechanism for the dimerisation of ethyl cyanoacrylate, which will also involve the incorporation of water. If the pi bond is a nucleophile, use acid catalysis; if it is an electrophile, use base catalysis.14] Ninhydrin, reacting with amino acids present, produces a compound with a purple colour that makes the finger prints visible. c) Propose a mechanism for either Step 1or Step 4. d) Propose a mechanism for Step 2, identifying the structure of J. e) Propose a mechanism for Step 3, identifying the structure of Q.See Answer
- Q7: 5. Describe features important for catalysis that are present in protein enzymes but not ribozymes.See Answer
- Q8: 4. The Frost diagram below shows the redox behaviour of phosphorous and sulfur. Briefly discuss the relevance of this redox behaviour for the biological roles of phosphorous and sulfur.(4]See Answer
- Q9: Question 3. Provide the mechanism for the transformation provided below. (10marks) See Answer
- Q10: a) What are the two aldohexoses that can be reduced to the alditol drawn.Provide both the name and the Fischer projection. b) Provide the systematic name for the disaccharide drawn below. Draw the same disaccharide, but with a B (1→ 3) linkageSee Answer
- Q11: Draw the structures for the following compounds: 2,3,6,8 \text {-tetramethyl-4-decene } 3 \text {-ethyl-1,1,2-trimethylcyclopentane }See Answer
- Q12:. Write the systematic names of the following compounds:See Answer
- Q13: Complete the following synthetic scheme for the synthesis of ether starting from ketone See Answer
- Q14: Predict ALL possible products of sulfuric acid-catalyzed dehydration of2-methylpentan-3-ol (shown below). Assign the major product and justify your answer. Submit your answer as document file or image. See Answer
- Q15:Predict the alcohol used to prepare the following esters:See Answer
- Q16: \text { Rate }=\frac{1}{2} \frac{-[?] ?][A]}{[?][?] t}=\frac{-[?] ?][B]}{[?][?] t}=\frac{1}{2} \frac{[?][?][C]}{[?][?] t}=\frac{[?][?][D]}{[?][?] t} AA gaseous reaction has the rate relationship listed above a. Write a balanced equation for this reaction b. In the first 15s of the reaction, 0.015 mole of B is consumed in a reaction vessel with a volume of0.500 L. What is the rate of reaction during this time interval? This reaction was performed multiple times and provided the following data: c. Determine the order of reaction with respect to reactant A. Justify your answer d. Determine the order of reaction with respect to reactant B. Justify your answer. e. Write the rate law for the overall reaction f. Determine the value of the rate constant, k, for the reaction. Include units with your answer. g. Calculate the initial reaction rate for experiment 4. h. The following mechanism has been proposed for the reaction A + A + B –→ E +E + Cslow \text { Step 2: } \quad \mathrm{E}+\mathrm{E} \leftrightarrows \mathrm{D}+\mathrm{C} \quad \text { fast equilibrium } Provide two reasonswhy the mechanism is acceptable. i.In the mechanism in part (h), is species E a catalyst or is it an intermediate? Justify your answer.See Answer
- Q17: Write balanced equations for the following nuclear reactions: | \alpha \text { decay of Americium-243 }(\mathrm{Z}=95) \beta-\text { decay of Bismuth-213 }(\mathrm{Z}=83)See Answer
- Q18: Chapter 8 Page 7 1) Conditions that have catalytic acid in excess weakly nuceophilic solvent 2) Most stable cation intermediate forms, which dictates where the incoming nucleophile ends up. 3) Is a cation rearrangement via 1,2 hydride or methyl shift possible leading to a more stable cation? If so the hydride/methyl shift takes place before nucelophile addition. 4) When chirality centers are produced, both enatiomers are produced. Draw the arrows/ intermediates/products for the acid catalysed hydration reactions: Draw the arrows/ intermediates/products for the acid catalysed hydration reactions: Draw the arrows/ intermediates/products for the acid catalysed hydration reactions: + what other compound?See Answer
- Q19: Chapter 8 Page 8 Draw the arrows/ intermediates/products for the acid catalysed hydration reactions: Draw the arrows leading to the carbocation intermediates and the products for the acid catalysed hydration reactions: See Answer
- Q20: 2) For the mass spectrum in Figure 1, indicate which groups fragmented off of the M* to give the labelled peaks on the spectrum.Provide curve arrow mechanism of how 3 fragments are formed.See Answer
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