1. Discuss the key differences between the therapeutic approaches covered in this week's reading. Are there differences in the psychotherapeutic approaches that may impact patient acceptance of the techniques presented in this module?

Ans) Psychology is a complex science involving myriad understanding of the circuitry of the brain and the consequent physiological, psychological, and behavioral impacts. Therefore, psychological counselling necessitates holistic understanding and careful choice of therapeutic approaches for all evidence-based treatments in the field of psychotherapy. Recently, Process-Based Therapy (PBT) by Stefan Hofmann has gained popularity as a novel approach to clinical research and practice. There are diverse kinds of therapeutic approaches depending on the condition of the patient and the degree of intervention. While some may resort to medicinal therapy, others may adapt to process-based, behavior-induced therapies for alleviation of the condition. The major differences between different therapeutic approaches lie in their basic methodology of approach and the target patient category. They differ according to the special needs of every person. Each therapeutic approach is based upon a particular theory that caters to specific human behaviour and the unique implications for the counselling practice. The key differences between the therapeutic approaches are the psychodynamics (Psychoanalytic and Adlerian therapy), experience (Existential therapy), relationship-orientation (Patient-centric and Gestalt therapy), cognition (Behaviour and Cognitive behaviour therapy), systems and post-modern approaches (Feminist, Post-modern, and Family systems therapy). Adlerian differs from psychoanalytic therapy in terms of the analytic perspective and does not focus on unconscious dynamics. Existential therapy is a philosophy-based psychotherapy approach that is dynamic and diverse aimed at addressing concerns with individual existence, whereas Gestalt therapy teaches patients and therapists how to be aware of their feelings, perceptions, and actions. On the other hand, the patient-centric approach is a humanistic therapy. Behaviour therapy focuses on learning's role through the discovery of classical conditioning, or associative learning, while cognitive therapy differs from it by incorporating what people think rather than what they do. Furthermore, the post-modern approach is solution-specific, brief, and narrative-based therapies that take into account social development (Corey, 2012). The patient’s acceptance of each of these psychotherapeutic approaches may differ depending upon the characteristics of the patient, the therapist's orientation and expertise, and feasibility within the care context. Psychologists may even combine one or more of the theories to guide the patient as an eclectic approach to psychotherapy. Technical integration aims at selecting the most appropriate treatment technique for the individual and the problem. Thus, the different techniques may impact the patient depending upon the context of care and counselling (Wesemann, 2022).

1. Discuss the key differences between the therapeutic approaches covered in this week's reading.

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