3. The electric charges in a circuit made with batteries move on average about 0.003 centimeters per second.

a. How long does it take a charge to move from a battery to a light bulb if the wire connecting them is 10 centimeters long?

b. In your experience, how soon after you correctly connect a light bulb to a batter does the light bulb go on?

c. It is not a good scientific model to assume that a battery provides charges for an electric circuit. Explain why not based on your answers to Parts a. and b. above.

d. Consider the two circuits shown below. Are the two light bulbs the same brightness, or would one be brighter than the other? How would your response change if batteries really did provide charges for electric circuits?

e. Where do you think the charges come from which go through a light bulb and make the light bulb turn on?