3. Traffic intensity plays an important role in estimating the extent of queuing delay.

a. True or false: When traffic intensity ≤ 1, there will be no

queuing delay. Please also explain why.

b. For a given router R with a single outgoing link and infinite buffer, suppose

packet length is 1250 bytes and transmission rate of R's outgoing link is 10Mbps.

Calculate the average queuing delay for following packet arriving rates

i. One packet arrives every 1ms

ii. 10 packets arrive simultaneously every 10ms

iii. 100 packets arrive simultaneously every 100ms