a) To measure the time of flight, we can use a digital stopwatch. This is just a 12-bit binary counter that starts at

000000000000 when the pulse is transmitted and increments (e.g. 000000000001, 000000000010,

000000000011, ...) at a rate of 10 kHz. What is the resolution of the stopwatch (i.e. smallest time step between

adjacent values)?

b) If the speed of sound is 340 m/s, how long will it take for my ultrasonic pulse to travel to and from an object

located 10m away?

c) What will be the counter value (in binary) when the pulse is received back at the sensor?

d) As my stopwatch has finite resolution as in a), I don't know the exact time of flight from my measurement - I

can only estimate a range based on adjacent digital bits. Based on my digital reading in c), I can only determine

a distance range within which the object sits; what is this range in meters? As you can see, the finite stopwatch

resolution becomes a finite distance resolution for the overall sensor.

e) Given the 12-bit counter, what is the maximum distance-to-object I can measure before I run out of bits?