(a) What are the different types of furnaces used for casting processes? Briefly describe them. (b) A part resembling a connecting rod is cast in sand. Porosity is found in

the shank and cavities in the heads. Show with appropriate design sketches a remedy for the head and two possible remedies for the shank. Explain in few sentences each. (c) What is allotropic transformation? What are the results of shrinkage in a casting?