Advanced Cell Biology 2022-23: Coursework 3 Topic: Genome Editing Aim: To demonstrate an ability to explain scientific research to a non-specialist audience. This is a key skill for all scientists and helps clarify our thinking about what is most important about a particular piece of work. Most funding applications for research require a lay summary, and this is considered an essential part of public engagement and scientific accountability. Similarly, many jobs in science involve communication of complex data to non-specialist audiences such as the general public, shareholders, or politicians. For a wider context, see also: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00580-w The Task: Write a lay summary of not more than 250 words explaining the research described in the technical abstract below from a controversial scientific paper about genome editing in human embryos. Use the example from class to guide you in structuring the summary. You will be introduced to the scientific concepts described in the abstract in the Genome Editing lectures on the ACB course. For this coursework, your target reader is an engaged year 11 school student (~age 16). This coursework should be submitted in electronic format using Moodle by midnight on 27th January 2023. You must express the summary in your own words - text transcribed from other sources will be excluded from marking. Please include your student number at the start of your document. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos ABSTRACT Genome editing has potential for the targeted correction of germline mutations. Here we describe the correction of the heterozygous MYBPC3 mutation in human preimplantation embryos with precise CRISPR-Cas9-based targeting accuracy and high homology-directed repair efficiency by activating an endogenous, germline-specific DNA repair response. Induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the mutant paternal allele were predominantly repaired using the homologous wild-type maternal gene instead of a synthetic DNA template. By modulating the cell cycle stage at which the DSB was induced, we were able to avoid mosaicism in cleaving embryos and achieve a high yield of homozygous embryos carrying the wild-type MYBPC3 gene without evidence of off-target mutations. The efficiency, accuracy and safety of the approach presented suggest that it has potential to be used for the correction of heritable mutations in human embryos by complementing preimplantation genetic diagnosis. However, much remains to be considered before clinical applications, including the reproducibility of the technique with other heterozygous mutations. Nature. 2017 Aug 24;548(7668):413-419. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature23305 Further reading Some of the interpretations in this paper have been questioned by other researchers. Their views are published as Brief Communications Arising in the same journal: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0380-z https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0379-5 The authors of the original study then had the chance to reply: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0381-y Reading these associated articles will give a broader perspective on the original study. Plagiarism statement Digital submission of your answer file is equivalent to your explicit declaration that you have adhered to our community expectations of academic integrity and that the work submitted is entirely your own. Answer files will be checked with software designed to detect plagiarism. Answers comprised mainly of text simply copied directly from learning materials will reveal little understanding by the student and hence cannot score highly. Further: markers will be looking for unseemly degrees of similarity in the answers of multiple students; such answers will attract no marks. Assessment Criteria See next page. Level 6 Assessment Criteria: ACB Coursework 3 CRITERIA Exceptional. All the attributes of an A, plus: A highly sophisticated grasp of the topic, with sufficient clarity and originality that the submission could be used without editing for effective communication with non-scientists.. Outstanding. All the positive attributes of an A-, plus: further/deeper outside reading, marshalled effectively in the submission. Minor defects in synthesis may be compensated for by originality and clarity of presentation. Grade Numerical (Degree Class) Scale A+ 98 (1) 95 92 D 88 (1) 85 82 A- 78 (1) B 812 75 72 B+ 68 B- 65 (2i) 62 8052 C+ 58 C 55 C- (2ii) 52 D+ D 48 45 D- (3) 40 40 Pass-Fail Boundary F 38 (Fail) 30 20 10 Excellent. Clear, complete and logical description of the topic. Appreciation of the wider context underlying key concepts is evident, some of which may have been gained from outside reading. Lucid and original communication of the topic is clearly demonstrated. Very Good. The answer displays a very sound understanding of the main issues and concepts, is generally well-organised, and the quality of writing and the language used is overall very good. Lucid and original communication will be evident, but will be less sophisticated than in a First Class answer. Some errors, minor omissions and/or partial understanding of some aspects of the topic may be tolerated, so long as these do not detract from an otherwise sound answer. Good, but limited. The answer displays a reasonable understanding of the key issues and concepts relevant to the topic, but may go little further than to reword, with little evidence of insight or synthesis, information in the source material. Organisation of the information is adequate for most of the answer. Errors, omissions, poorly expressed ideas, and/or use of technical language -although none too serious-detract from the overall quality. Weak, but passable. The answer demonstrates a partial understanding of at least some of the topic. Writing quality is adequate for at least part of the answer. However, the answer is likely to be poorly organised and some of the basic requirements of the question may not have been met. Errors, omissions, poorly expressed ideas using highly technical language, and/or partial understanding will be too frequent/serious to merit a higher grade. Just passing. The answer must demonstrate a minimal understanding of the topic, but coverage is only partial and superficial. The topic is covered by only the bare minimum of required information, primarily in the form of minimal rephrasing of source material. The minimum mark for a pass is 40%. Borderline Fail. A serious attempt, but of insufficient quality to pass. A structured answer is attempted, but it fails to demonstrate an adequate depth of knowledge and understanding of the topic. This deficiency may be compounded by a disorganised explanation and/or very poor or very technical language. Minimum serious attempt. An attempt has been made to engage with the question, and parts of the answer may have some merit, but there are major errors and/or omissions. May also apply to an answer that is reasonably competent in parts, but for the most part does not address the question set. Clear Fail. A few relevant points show some engagement with the question, but these are outweighed by severe errors and/or omissions. An extremely brief answer, probably with only one or two key words or phrases of any relevance to the subject addressed by the question. Answer given has no merit, or answer is absent. 0