ASSIGNMENT: 1. Search for the most recent published article regarding to Bionic leg. 2. Write a minimum of 500 words to describe the article, divided as follows: • The problem o Objective The method used to solve the problem o Results o Future ideas that can be added from your point of view Then upload your answer as word file

Bionic Leg A bionic leg is an electromechanical device that helps a person in walking. It is an advancement in medical science that involves the use of biosensors, batteries, and microprocessors. The leg is developed in such a way that it can work like a normal human leg. So, the article chosen by me is Design and clinical implementation of an open-source bionic leg. It is because was published in 2020 and was accessed by more than 11000 people. The article was written by Alejandro F. Azocar, Luke M. Mooney, Jean Duval, Ann M. Simon, Levi J. Hangrove, and Elliott J. Ruse. They described that a bionic leg has a detachable property and can be charged on normal voltage and power supply. A person can walk, run, exercise, dance, and even climb stairs with its use. The problem is based on the design and clinical implementation of the bionic leg (Azocar et al., 2020). The bionic leg is customizable and does not require much maintenance. It is a low-cost device that runs on software and low-level control mechanisms. It has efficient hardware installed that helps in the proper movement of the knee and ankle joints and functions as a prosthetic leg. The objective of the study is the development of this prosthetic leg in such a way that it functions as a normal physiological limb. People who have to use amputations in their lower limb face difficulty in motility. Their movement is restricted and cannot perform all the activities performed by a normal leg. A bionic leg has two or more sensors attached and involves the use of artificial intelligence and robotics. It also aims to add the joints on the knees, hips, and ankles to allow free movement. The improvement and locomotion of bionic limbs depend both on surgical techniques and physical activities (Williams, 2022). The surgical innervations involve Targeted Muscle Reinnervation, Targeted Sensory Reinnervation, Implantable Myoelectric Sensors, and Neural Interface Surgery. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation is a surgical growth of neurons but not of the muscles. These muscle fibers enable better control over the limb. Targeted Sensory Reinnervation targets the skin over the muscle cells. It provides sensation to the skin when the amputee is touched and provides better control. Implantable Myoelectric Sensors are implanted into the skin that has biosensors that aid in motility to the leg. As the sensors present in the bionic leg work on memory, so the person should always undergo regular physical exercise. These exercises provide regular physiological movement and activeness. The development of bionic legs is affordable and does not require much control. The electric motors and hardware installed in it make the use of bionic legs more efficient without any discomfort. The motility is provided normally like any other physiological joint whether it is the knee, hip, or ankle. Improvements are still made in the bionic legs regarding their mid and low-level control strategies. The bionic legs are mechanical devices that help a person to walk normally. These legs though have replaced static prosthetics and provide motility which enables people not to quit their work and get dependent. These legs are still in the phase of development as they are the same for every individual. Future developments can be done as these legs can be customized. Depending on the requirement and the physical activity performed by a person, these legs should work that way. Also, the battery life of the legs should be increased in case the person cannot access the power supply. The computer should be provided with software that can provide high level control and ease of movement. Reference Azocar, A., Mooney, L., Duval, J., Simon, A., Hargrove, L., & Rouse, E. (2020). Design and clinical implementation of an open-source bionic leg. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 4(10), 941-953. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-00619-3 Williams, W. (2022). Surgical Techniques That Improve the Use of Bionic Limbs. Bionics For Everyone. Retrieved 8 October 2022, from https://bionicsforeveryone.com/surgical-techniques-bionic- limbs/#:~:text=This%20document%20helps%20amputees%20monitor%20all%20current%20and,the%20surgical%20reassignment%20of%20nerves%20to%20alternative%20muscles.