CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive PRETEST: What do I already know? Write "C" if a sentence has the correct verb form and "I" for incorrect. Check your answers below. After you complete each chart listed, make any necessary corrections. 1. _ Air is consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. (1-1) 2. I am working overtime this week. (1-1) 3. Does the copy machine working right now? (1-2) 4. We aren't knowing Sami's wife. (1-3) 5. My cell phone network is always being slow. (1-3) 6. Gloria canceled her doctor's appointment because she felt better. (1-4) 7. _ I turned on the stove, am boiling the water, and forget to put in the rice. (1-4) 8. A few children drawed some pictures this morning while the teacher was talking. (1-5) 9. - When I turned the key, the car wasn't starting. (1-5) 10. I was going to call you, but my phone died. (1-6) Incorrect sentences: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 EXERCISE 1 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-1) Match the description with the sentence. Which sentences do you agree with? a. action happening right now b. general truth c. habit 1. _ I look at the stars every night. 2. I'm looking at an astronomy textbook. The earth revolves around the sun. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 1 1-1 Simple Present and Present Progressive This basic diagram will be used in all tense descriptions. now past future SIMPLE PRESENT (a) Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. (b) The average person breathes* 21,600 times a day. The simple present says that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future. It expresses general statements of fact and general truths. ***** (c) The world is round. (d) I get up at seven every morning. (e) I always eat a salad for lunch. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (f) The students are sitting at their desks right now. The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. The present progressive is a temporary activity that began in the past, is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the future. See Appendix Chart E-2 for spelling rules for -ing verbs and Appendix Chart E-6 for final -s pronunciation. EXERCISE 2 . Let's talk. (Chart 1-1) Work in small groups. Each member of the group should contribute one sentence for each topic. Share some of your sentences with the class. 1. Tell your group one daily habit you have. 2. Look around the room. Make a sentence about one activity that is happening right now. 3. In one sentence, state a general truth about the world. EXERCISE 3 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-1) Complete the sentences. Use the simple present or the present progressive of the verbs in parentheses. 1. a. Kristin is in the shower. She (wash) is washing her hair. b. Kristin (wash) her hair every other day or so. 2. a. Tony usually (sit) in the front row during class. b. Today he (sit) in the last row. 3. a. Lars (work) the night shift on weekends. b. He's not home now. He (work) a double shift. 4. a. After six days of rain, I'm glad that the sun (shine) The simple present is used to express habitual or everyday activities. 10 12 start MOU finish? (g) I need an umbrella because it is raining. (h) I am taking five courses this semester. progress In 7 6 8 2 Partner A Partner B Examples: PARTNER A: In picture 1, the boy is watching sports on TV. He is holding a remote. He is changing channels. He is looking for a baseball game. Etc. PARTNER B: In picture 2, the boy is not watching TV. He is playing the guitar. Maybe he is practicing a popular song. Etc. EXERCISE 5 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-1) Choose the correct completion(s). Discuss your answers with the class. 1. In early summer, the sun 9:00 P.M. in my hometown. a. sets (It's a general statement of fact.) b. is setting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 2. It's a beautiful evening. I'm sitting outside. The sun behind the mountains. a. sets (It's a general truth.) b. is setting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 3 b. Every morning, the sun (shine) in my bedroom window and (wake) me up. 2 CHAPTER 1 5. a. Babies (grow) very quickly. Newborn babies are very different from three-month olds. b. Your baby (grow) so fast. She isn't a newborn anymore! 6. a. Please be quiet. I (try) to concentrate on my math homework. b. Each day, our math teacher (try) but I am very confused. to explain the material clearly, EXERCISE 4 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-1) With a partner, take turns making a few sentences about each picture. Use the present progressive. You can be imaginative! O 11 around 3. Rice in about 15 minutes. a. cooks (It's a general truth.) b. is cooking (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 4. Hurry! The rice _over onto the stove. a. boils (It's a general statement of fact.) b. is boiling (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 5. Dr. Costa his hospital patients before office hours. a. visits (It's a habitual activity.) b. is visiting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 6. Leo his bike through downtown traffic every day to work. a. rides (It's a habitual activity.) b. is riding (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 7. Jenna for her grandparents at their hotel. a. works (It's a habitual activity.) b. is working (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 8. Francine and Marco each other several times a day. a. text (It's a habitual activity.) b. are texting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. EXERCISE 6 > Listening. (Chart 1-1) Listen to the sentences. Choose all the correct completions. Outdoors 1. right now. every day. in the summer. 2. today. in the winter. every April. 3. every year. right now. this week. 4. right now. today. every winter. 5. every summer. right now. in the spring. 6. this week. every January. every winter. EXERCISE 8 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-2) Choose the correct completions. 1. Cold air isn't / doesn't rise. 2. What is / does water consist of? 3. Is / Does the earth spinning rapidly or slowly? 1-2 Simple Present and Present Progressive: Affirmative, Negative, Question Forms Simple Present Present Progressive AFFIRMATIVE 1 help. 1 am You, We, They He, She, It help. You, We, They He, She, It helping. helping. are helps. is helping. NEGATIVE 1 do not help. 1 You, We, They He, She, It do not does not am not are not helping. helping. help. You, We, They He, She, It is not help. helping. QUESTION Do 1 help? Am 1 helping? helping? Do you, we, they he, she, it help? Are you, we, they he, she, it Does help? Is helping? When do - help? When am - helping? EXERCISE 9 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-2) Complete the sentences with Do, Does, Is, or Are. On an Airplane 7. right now. every summer. this month. EXERCISE 7 > Reading and grammar. (Chart 1-1) Read the passage. Add the endings -s/-es where necessary. You may need to change -y to -ies. Write Ø for no ending. Do you know these words? 1. Are you ready for takeoff? 8. they serve food on this flight? 2. the plane taking off soon? 9. the movie beginning? 3. you nervous? 10. you like to fly? - amazing 4. you have your seat belt on? 11. the co-pilot flying the plane? 5. the seats comfortable? 12. the pilot sleep during the flight? Our Amazing Heart The heart is an amazing organ. It beat_ 100,000 1 - organ -pump 6. your seat comfortable? 13. the pilots sleep during the flight? 7. the seat go back more? 14. the plane on autopilot? EXERCISE 10 > Trivia game. (Chart 1-2) Work in teams. Make true sentences. The team with the most correct answers (factually and grammatically) wins. Use the simple present or present progressive. - oxygen times a day and pump 2 2,000 gallons of blood through - waste - tissues 60,000 miles of blood vessels in our bodies. Blood carry fresh oxygen from our lungs to all the parts of 3 the body. It also remove waste from our tissues. Here 1. Ice (melt) doesn't melt at 32°F (0℃). is an interesting fact: when we laugh __ , up to 20% more 5 2. Cold weather (cause) fingernails to grow faster. 6 through our body, so laughter is good for our hearts. blood go 3. The average person ( fall) asleep in seven minutes. 4. Salt water ( freeze) at the same temperature as freshwater. 4 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 5 5. Our noses ( grow) longer as we age. 6. Our feet (become) smaller as we age. 7. Red blood cells in our body (divide) right now. 8. On average, a person (blink ) more than 20,000 times a day. 9. Honey (spoil) 10. A cat (use) its whiskers for hunting. 11. The earth (revolve) around the moon right now. 12. The earth ( get) warmer according to scientists. EXERCISE 11 > Reading and grammar. (Charts 1-1 and 1-2) Choose the correct completions. Tornadoes Tornadoes occur / are occurring in most areas of the world. However, the plains of the 1 United States have / are having the most. (Plains are large areas of flat land with 2 few trees.) Tornado Alley, a frequent area for tornadoes, stretches / is stretching from Texas to North Dakota. Because tornadoes form / are forming over flat areas of land, they are not / do not so common in the mountains. Cold air meets / is meeting warm 6 air, usually in a thunderstorm. The winds make / are making a spiral or funnel cloud that 5 sometimes reaches 320 miles per hour. They pick up / are picking up cars, trees, and houses. 00 Sometimes this debris flies / is flying for miles. Strong tornadoes cause / are causing a lot 10 of damage. Surprisingly, the funnel cloud doesn't last / isn't lasting long, usually less than = ten minutes. Right now a tornado forms / is forming 12 over the plains. People seek / are seeking 13 shelter in underground areas such as basements. Several storm chasers get / are getting ready to follow the tornado and collect data. They listen / are listening to weather radios for 15 storm updates. Are you / Do you familiar with tornadoes? 16 Are you / Do you have tornadoes in your area? 17 disagree doubt mean recognize remember suppose appreciate care about please prefer dislike fear hate mind belong possess own consist of contain hear sound agree promise desire need exist matter seem look like amaze resemble surprise understand want wish (c) I think that your cousin is very nice. (d) I'm thinking about my trip to Rome. Some verbs, like think, have both non-progressive meanings and progressive meanings. In (c): think means "believe." In (d): am thinking means "thoughts are going around in my mind right now." Common Verbs with Both Non-Progressive and Progressive Meanings (like think) NON-PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE look It looks cold outside. Olga is looking out the window. appear Jack appears to be tired today. She's appearing on a TV show today. think I think that Mr. Liu is a good teacher. I'm thinking about my family right now. feel I feel that Mr. Liu is a good teacher. I'm feeling a little tired today. have I have a bike. I'm having a good time. see Do you see that bird? The doctor is seeing a patient right now. The chef is tasting the soup. taste The soup tastes salty. smell Something smells bad. What is it? love Ken loves his baby daughter. Ann is smelling the perfume to see if she wants to buy it. Ken is enjoying parenthood. In fact, he's loving it! Al is ill but won't see a doctor. He is being foolish." be Mary is old and wise. Amlislare being + an adjective describes temporary behavior. In the example, Al is usually not foolish, but right now he is acting that way. 6 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 12 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. The chef is in his kitchen right now. He a. cooks b. is cooking 2. He some soup. a. tastes b. is tasting too salty. a. tastes b. is tasting 4. He. _it. a. doesn't like b. isn't liking 1-3 Verbs Not Usually Used in the Progressive (Stative Verbs) (a) I know your cousin. (b) INCORRECT: I-am-lenewing your cousin. Some verbs, like know, are stative or non-progressive. They describe states, not actions, and are rarely used in progressive tenses. ("States" are conditions or situations that exist.) Common Verbs That Are Usually Non-Progressive (like know) know believe like Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 7 EXERCISE 13 > Reading, grammar, and speaking. (Charts 1-1 -+ 1-3) Part I. Read the paragraph. Underline the verbs that are generally non-progressive. Then write the correct verb endings in the list of benefits: - s, -es, or -ies. Write Ø for no ending. A Summer Internship Lilly wants to get a job as a restaurant chef. Her culinary arts instructor believes a summer internship at a major restaurant is a good idea. Interns work for free or for a low wage, but they understand that they are receiving valuable experience in return. Some schools offer credit for an internship, and some companies hire their interns when the internship is over. Following are other benefits: 1. An internship apply classroom knowledge to real-world work experience. 2. It provide on-the-job training. 3. It teach important workplace habits (e.g., being on time) and workplace etiquette (how to behave at a company). 4. Interns learn about various jobs and opportunities within a company. 5. It give students the chance to network with employees. 6. The job experience look good on a résumé. Part II. Find information about a volunteer organization that interests you. It could be a club at your school, a group in your community, a world organization, etc. Make a list of the ways it is helpful. Write 5-7 sentences and present them to the class. Title your list: Benefits of EXERCISE 14 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-3) Discuss the differences in meaning of the italicized verbs in each group of sentences. Work in pairs, in small groups, or as a class. At the Park 1. a. These flowers smell good. b. Jane is smelling the flowers. 2. a. I think this park is beautiful. b. I need to relax. I am thinking about all the homework I have. 3. a. You look cold. I'll lend you my coat. b. I'm looking at the sky. A storm is coming. 4. a. I see a colorful kite. It's over there. b. Alex is coming later. He is seeing a doctor about his headaches. c. Jack and Ann come here every weekend. They are seeing each other. 5. a. I remember my first time here. Do you remember yours? b. I'm remembering a family picnic here with my cousins. It's a happy memory. 6. a. The children want a snack. They're hungry. b. The children are being awfully quiet. What are they doing? 8 CHAPTER 1 7. a. Every weekend there is an outdoor play here. Some of my friends are appearing in it. b. There is a man coming toward us. He's smiling. He appears to know us. 8. a. Gabriel is being rude. He's just sitting there, not talking to anyone. b. No, he isn't rude. He's just shy. 9. a. The baby is feeling the grass. b. The grass feels soft. c. I need to sit down. I'm not feeling well right now. d. I feel that it is important to take care of our parks. EXERCISE 15 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. This isn't my book. It __ to Mai. a. belongs b. is belonging 4. Olga is smiling. She _a good time. a. has b. is having 2. Ask Ahmed for your book. He. a. has b. is having 5. Relax. Everything is OK. I you. a. believe b. am believing 3. Your book is over there. Ahmed a. holds b. is holding it. 6. My computer says my file no longer a. exists b. is existing EXERCISE 16 > Let's talk. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) With a partner, choose one of the pictures and complete the related conversation. Then practice your conversation and perform it for the class. You can look at your book before you speak. When you speak, look at your partner. 1. A: Mmmm. That looks 2. A: You look B: Thanks. It's fresh out of the oven. B: I am. A: Is it ? A: What's B: Yes. And it's my own recipe. Would you B: I A: You need to A: Wow! It tastes B: B: I know, but I have too much/many. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 9 EXERCISE 17 > Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. A: What are you looking / do you look at? B: You! You look / are looking like your father. A: Are you thinking / Do you think so? Many people tell me I am resembling / resemble my mother. B: I see / am seeing your father's face when I look at you. 2. A: Why are mosquitos existing / do mosquitos exist? B: I know / am knowing one reason: they are a food source for other animals. 3. Right now I sit / am sitting in the cafeteria. Yoko texts / is texting. Ming is opening / opens his lunch. Jae is taking / takes a bite of his sandwich. Ali is staring / stares off into space. He seems / is seeming to be daydreaming, but perhaps he thinks / is thinking about the test next hour. What do you think / are you thinking Ali is doing / does? EXERCISE 18 > Grammar and listening. (Charts 1-1 -+ 1-3) Complete the sentences with the given verbs. Then listen to the forecast and check your answers. Weather Report Hello, this is Gayle Givens, your WWKK weather reporter. Well, it certainly (be) a beautiful day today. I (stand) here at City Park and boy,* the sun sure (shine) Hundreds of people (enjoy) the warmer temperatures today. There (be) not a cloud in the sky. We (look) at a perfect day right now, but it (look) 2. Martha is in science class. The chemistry experiment she (do) is dangerous, so right now she (be) very careful. She (want, not) to spill any of the chemical. She (be, always) careful when she does a chemistry experiment. 3. Right now I (look) at Nicole. She (look) angry. I wonder what's the matter. She (have) a frown on her face. She certainly (have, not) any fun right now. 4. A: How (you, like) the soup? (it, need) more garlic? B: No, it (taste) delicious. It (remind) me of my mom's soup. EXERCISE 20 > Reading and writing. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Part I. Read the review of the movie. Underline the verbs. What verb tense is used to describe the action? Do you know these words? - unjustly - accuse - marshall - VOW - dam The Fugitive The Fugitive is an action-packed, - pharmaceutical edge-of-your-seat movie. The police unjustly accuse Dr. Richard - suspenseful Kimball, the main character, of his wife's murder. A court finds him guilty and sentences him to death. On the way to jail, the prison bus crashes and Kimball escapes. A U.S. marshall, Samuel Gerard, vows to catch Kimball. Several times he almost succeeds, but Kimball stays one step ahead of Gerard. In one incredible scene, Kimball jumps from the top of a dam into a river to escape. Kimball doesn't want Gerard to catch him, but he also wants to solve the murder of his wife. His search for answers takes him to Chicago. He finds upsetting information about a friend and the friend's work with a pharmaceutical company. After many suspenseful scenes, Kimball finds the real killers and leads Gerard to them. Part II. Action in stories (books, movies, TV shows, etc.) is often told in the simple present tense. Find a movie you like. In simple English, tell what happens, give details about the movie, and tell how it ends. Here are some possible ways to begin: · is an inspiring/exciting/funny/etc., movie. (The main character) ... · A dramatic/suspenseful/exciting movie is . In this movie, ... . (The name of the movie) is about . In this movie, ... Part III. Edit your paragraph. Underline the verbs. Did you use present tense? Check for the correct use of the third person -s/-es/-ies endings. 2 3 4 5 THE FUGITIVE 6 like some clouds (form) 7 air (move) in. We ( forecast) 8 over the ocean and colder cooler 9 10 rain (be) temperatures for tomorrow. I (think) 11 unlikely, 12 however. Stay tuned for the three-day forecast right after this message. EXERCISE 19 > Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Complete the sentences. Use the simple present or the present progressive of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Look! It (begin) Is beginning to rain. Unfortunately, I (have, not ** ) an umbrella with me. I (own, not) an umbrella. Spiro is lucky. He (wear) a raincoat. I (wear) a waterproof hat on rainy days. *Boy is an exclamation to express a strong feeling; similar to toot. ** A form of do is usually used in the negative when the main verb is have, especially in American English (AmE) but also commonly in British English (BrE): I don't have a car. Using have without a form of do is also possible but less common: I haven't a car. 10 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 11 EXERCISE 21 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-4) Ask another classmate these questions. Share your answers with the class. Find out the most common answers. 1. In what century did your great-grandparents live? They lived in the . 2. Where did they grow up? They grew up in (city/country) century. 1-4 Simple Past Tense (a) It snowed* yesterday. (b) Tom watched TV last night. At one particular time in the past, this happened. It began and ended in the past. Most simple past verbs add -ed, as in (a) and (b). (c) Jack went to work early. (d) I came to work late. (e) We saw a great movie last night. Some verbs have irregular past tense forms, as in (c). (d), and (e). NOTE: See Appendix Chart E-9 for a list of irregular verb forms. (f) Emily was at the office this morning. (g) You were tired yesterday. The simple past forms of be are was and were, as in (f) and (g). (h) Andrew caught the ball, ran down the field, and scored a point. Note that in a series of actions, the verbs are the same tense, as in (h). INCORRECT: Andrew caught the ball, is-running down the field, and seere a point. Regular Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE 13 NEGATIVE QUESTION 1 You He, She, It We They helped . did not help. Did Did Did Did 1 you he, she, it we they help? Irregular Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE 1 You He, She, It We They Dic NEGATIVE QUESTION 1 - 1 You He, She, It ate. You He, She, It We They Did Did Did he, she, it Did we they 1 you eat? PARTNER A: (book closed) PARTNER B: (book open) We They did not eat. Did 1. have a great trip? 2. come back feeling rested? 3. meet all your cousins? 4. hang out with* local people? 5. do a lot of tourist activities? 8. speak a little Greek? 9. eat in typical Greek restaurants? 10. lie on the beach? 11. buy some Greek sandals? 12. bring me a souvenir? 6. excited to be there? 7. spend time in museums? Be Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION I, He, She, It You, We, They was were here. here. I. He, She, It You, We, They was not were not here. here. Was Were I, he, she, it you, we, they here? here? See Appendix Chart E-5 for information about final -ed pronunciation. 12 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 22 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-4) Complete the sentences with the correct simple past form of the verb. An Online Order 1. Anders (order) printer ink online last Monday. 2. The next morning he (realize) colored ink too. he (need) 3. He (try) to call the company to add more, but no one (answer) , and there (be) no voicemail. 4. Anders (worry) that the website (be) fake. 5. He (email) the company and (explain) his situation. 6. The manager (respond) a few hours later and (fix) the order quickly. 7. Anders (relax) email from the company. when he (receive) a confirmation EXERCISE 23 > Let's talk: pairwork. (Chart 1-4) Take turns asking and answering questions. You can answer yes or no. SITUATION: You just came back from a vacation in Greece. Your friend is asking you questions. Examples: fly back last night? PARTNER A: Did you fly back last night? PARTNER B: Yes, I flew back last night. happy to see your cousins? PARTNER A: Were you happy to see your cousins? PARTNER B: Yes, I was happy to see my cousins. PARTNER A: (book open) PARTNER B: (book closed) 13. take a lot of photos? 14. sad to leave Greece? hang out with = spend time with Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 13 EXERCISE 24 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-4) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of verbs that make sense. More than one verb may be appropriate. Some answers are negative. SITUATION 1: Maria visited a friend at the hospital. A woman in the elevator had a cold and sneezed several times. The next day, ... ache eat feel have leave make schedule speak to take wake up 1. Maria in the morning with a fever and headache. well. 6. a picture. 7. my hand. 8. the washing machine? 9. at the sad ending. 10. over the fence. from math class. some money from the bank. some rice. these jeans? the actors. very quickly. was cooking. my shirt? when the play finished. in a sunny spot. EXERCISE 26 > Reading and grammar. (Chart 1-4) Part I. Read the passage. Underline the past tense verbs. AN INCREDIBLE FEAT In 2011, at the age of 100, Fauja Singh did something incredible: he ran a 26-mile (42 km.) marathon! He was the first 100-year-old to ever run a marathon. Singh decided he wanted to compete in races when he saw a marathon race on TV. He was 89! He didn't know much about training and showed up for his first session in a suit and tie. Originally from India, Singh moved to England in the 1990s after his wife and son died. At the time, he said he felt more dead than alive. He was very depressed and later believed that long-distance running saved him. He competed in his first marathon in London at the age of 89. He prepared for it in only ten weeks. His best time was at the 2003 Toronto Waterfront Marathon. He ran it in five hours and 40 minutes. Singh became world-famous and even carried the Olympic torch in 2012. In 2013, he decided to retire from long- distance running and completed his last marathon in Hong Kong. Do you know these words? - feat - show up - marathon - session - compete - retire - training 2. She 3. Her entire* body 4. She her temperature with a thermometer. 5. She a high fever. 6. She the house all day. 7. She a few spoonfuls of chicken soup. 8. She the nurse at the doctor's office. 9. She an appointment for the following day. SITUATION 2: Professor Moore is our new math teacher. He is very hard to follow. Yesterday, he ... confuse fill introduce leave speak 10. too fast. FLORA Running in the London Marathon, 2004 Part II. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Cover the reading. be / become carry feel leave retire run wear 11. the material to us quickly. 12. the board with examples. 13. time for questions, unfortunately. 14. everyone in the class. EXERCISE 25 > Listening. (Chart 1-4) Listen to the beginning of each sentence. Circle the correct completion(s). More than one completion may be possible. 1. happy. HAN good about my decision. on some ice. 1. Fauja Singh became a marathon runner when he was depressed. 2. two classes. about his wife. at night. 2. He a suit and tie to his first training. 3. He India after the death of his wife and son. 4. At the age of 89, he his first marathon. 5. Before he began training, he said he more dead than alive. 6. His best running time five hours and 40 minutes. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 15 3. the car with gas? sick? OK? several faces. for several hours. 4. with colored pencils. 5. in the woods. some money. the rain. entire = whole 14 CHAPTER 1 7. He the Olympic torch in 2012. 8. He from marathon running in 2013. EXERCISE 27 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-5) Write the sentence (a. or b.) that correctly describes each scene. a. Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain. b. Rita stood under a tree when it began to rain. 1st: It began to rain. 2nd: Rita stood under a tree. 1. 1st: Rita stood under a tree. 2nd: It began to rain. 2. 1-5 Simple Past vs. Past Progressive SIMPLE PAST (a) I walked to school yesterday. (b) John lived in Paris for ten years, but now he lives in Rome. (c) I bought a new car three days ago. (d) Rita stood under a tree when it began to rain. If a sentence contains when and has the simple past in both clauses, the action in the when-clause happens first. In (d): 1st: The rain began. 2nd: Rita stood under a tree. 16 CHAPTER 1 PAST PROGRESSIVE (g) I was walking down the street when it began to rain. (h) While I was walking down the street, it began to rain. (i) Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain. (i) At eight o'clock last night, I was studying. (k) While I was studying in one room of our apartment, my roommate was having a party in the other room. In (g): 1st: I was walking down the street. 2nd: It began to rain. Both actions occurred at the same time, but one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action occurred. In (j): My studying began before 8:00, was in progress at that time, and probably continued. Sometimes the past progressive is used in both parts of a sentence when two actions are in progress simultaneously. EXERCISE 28 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) Write "1" before the action that started first. Write "2" before the action that started second. A Stormy Walk Home 1. Hi Mom. I was leaving you a voicemail when you picked up . a. 1 I was leaving you a voicemail. b. _ 2 You picked up. 2. I had a terrible walk home. When the storm started, I was coming home from work. a. The storm started. b. I was coming home. 3. A painter next door was climbing a ladder when lightning hit the house. a. A painter was climbing a ladder. b. Lightning hit the house. 4. I heard him yell while I was running for cover. a. I heard him yell. b. __ I was running for cover. 5. He fell off the ladder when he saw the flash. Fortunately he's OK. a. He fell off the ladder. He saw the flash. pick up (the phone) = answer the phone Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 17 (e) When Mrs. Chu heard a strange noise, she got up to investigate. (f) When I dropped my cup, the coffee spilled on my lap. The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past. EXERCISE 29 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or the past progressive of the verbs in parentheses. Last Night 1. Between 5:00 and 7:00 P.M, I (sit) was sitting in class. I had a lot of things on my mind. I (think) about some family issues. I (listen, not) to the teacher. 2. It was a beautiful evening when I walked home. The moon (shine) over the water, and a warm breeze (blow) 3. I (stop) by a friend's apartment, but he (be, not) home. He (sit) in heavy traffic. He (get, not) home until 10:00. 4. My neighbors (argue) about something when I (walk) by them outside my apartment building. 5. A package (wait) for me at home. I (open) it and (find) an early birthday present. 6. While I (read) to my nephew, he ( fall) asleep, so I (cover) him up and (sneak) out of the room. EXERCISE 30 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-5) Choose the question or statement you would expect the speaker to say. Discuss your answers. Work in pairs, in small groups, or as a class. 1. When I went to bed late last night, I noticed that the light was on in your bedroom. a. Were you reading? b. Did you read? 2. Jane's cousin was at the party last night. a. Were you meeting him? b. Did you meet him? 3. A small airplane flew over our house several times last night. a. We were sitting out on the patio, and it made us nervous. b. We sat out on the patio, and it made us nervous. 4. I'm not sure if I met Carol Jones at the party last night. Describe her for me. a. What was she wearing? b. What did she wear? EXERCISE 31 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) With a partner, take turns asking and answering the questions. Choose all the expected answers. 1. What were you doing at 5:00 A.M .? 1. a. I was sleeping. b. I dreamed. C. I was lying in bed. car illegally. 3. ask / decide / look / see / work A: How did it go? (you) the manager for a raise when you 2. What did you do when you got home last night? 2. a. I was cooking dinner. b. I made dinner. c. I fixed dinner. 18 CHAPTER 1 3. What were you thinking about? 3. a. I was thinking about all the things I need to do today. b. I was thinking about my family. c. I was remembering my wedding day. 4. What did your mom like best about her vacation? 4. a. She was liking the beach. b. She enjoyed the warm weather. c. She was enjoying the swimming pool. 5. Who were you texting just now? 5. a. I text my mom. b. I am telling my manager I'm sick. c. I was texting a friend. 6. What did your friend make for breakfast? 6. a. He had eggs and coffee. b. He was having rice. c. He was making toast and tea. 7. Where did you live when you were younger? 7. a. We lived in this town for a while. b. We moved around a lot. c. We were moving from town to town. 8. Where were you going when I called you? 8. a. I was walking to the bus. b. I went to the bus stop. c. I was heading* downtown. *heading = going EXERCISE 32 > Grammar and speaking. (Chart 1-5) Work with a partner. Complete the sentences with the given verbs and the words in parentheses. Use the simple past or the past progressive. Practice one of the conversations and perform it for the class or a small group. You can look at your book before you speak. When you speak, look at your partner. 1. break / cross / slip A: How (you) your arm? B: I on the ice while I the street in front of the dorm. 2. find / look / park A: You're a half-hour late. Where were you? B: I for a place to park. A: (you) one? B: Well, yes and no. I my her yesterday? B: No, she on a big presentation for next week. She pretty busy. I to wait until later. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 19 4. want | miss / be / give A: (you) B: No, I in the meeting? the bus and (not) to walk into the room while Dr. Romero his speech. 5. drive / get | happen | keep | pay | see A: I had a bad day yesterday. B: Oh? What ? A: I a traffic ticket. B: Really? That's too bad. What was it for? A: For running a red light. I home and (not) attention to the road. I (not) the red light and just driving. EXERCISE 33 > Listening. (Chart 1-5) Part I. Anna had a scary experience last night. Listen to her story with your book closed. Then open your book and listen to the statements. Circle "T" for true and "F" for false. 1. TI 2. T F 3. T F 4. T F 5. T F 6. T F Part II. Listen again. Complete the sentences with the verbs you hear. A Scary Night I a terrible experience last night. You won't 1 believe what happened! A man into my apartment 2 while I was asleep. There I was, just sleeping peacefully when someone the glass in the sliding door! 3 no 1-6 Unfulfilled Intentions: Was / Were Going To (a) Jack was going to go to the movie last night, but he changed his mind. Was / were going to talk about past intentions. Usually, these are unfulfilled intentions, i.e., activities someone intended to do but did not do. The meaning in (a): Jack was planning to go to the movie, but he didn't go. (b) I was planning to go, but I didn't. I was hoping to go, but I couldn't. I was intending to go, but I didn't. I was thinking about going, but I didn't. Other ways of expressing unfulfilled intentions are to use plan, hope, intend, and think about in the past progressive, as in (b). EXERCISE 35 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-6) Choose all the sentences that are true about the given sentence. 1. I was going to pay you back for the taxi. a. I paid you back. b. I was planning to pay you back. c. I didn't pay you back. 2. I was going to stay home on my day off, but I had too much work at the office. a. I was intending to stay home. b. I worked at the office. c. I had a lot of work, but I stayed home. 3. Jared was going to the hospital to see his mother when he began to feel ill. a. Jared was on his way to the hospital. b. Jared had plans to see his mother but needed to change them. c. Jared didn't go to the hospital. 4. My dad was going to surprise my mom with jewelry for her birthday. a. He wanted to give her jewelry. b. He gave her some jewelry. c. He didn't surprise her with jewelry. 5. I was going to the train station when I remembered your phone call. a. I was planning to go to the train station, but I didn't. b. I was on my way to the train station. c. I didn't go to the train station. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 21 The sound me up. I the 4 5 sliding door open, so I reached for the phone by the bed and called the as I told the operator there was an intruder in my home. police. My voice 6 I in my bedroom closet when the burglar into my 7 room. Soon I sirens as the police 8 to my building. From the crack in the closet door, I the burglar as he 12 outside with my laptop. The police jumped out of their cars and followed him, but he managed to get away in a car that was waiting for him. The police back in their cars and drove after him. 13 Later I learned that they him a few miles from my building. I really frightened by all this. It really 15 16 me, as you can imagine. I'm staying at my sister's house for the rest of the week. 20 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 34 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-6) Circle yes if the speaker is expressing an intention or plan; circle no if not. 1. I am going to call you at 9:00 tomorrow. yes no 2. I was going to call you, but I couldn't find your phone number. yes no 3. I was going to class when I ran into a friend from my childhood. yes no 4. I was planning to go to college right after high school but yes then decided to work for a year first. 9 10 11 EXERCISE 36 > Writing or speaking. (Chart 1-6) Take turns completing the sentences. Work in pairs or small groups. Share some of your answers with the class. 1. I was going to get up early this morning, but 2. I was planning to visit you this weekend, but 3. I was going to call you on your birthday, but 4. We were hoping to see that movie in a theater, but 5. I was going to text you, but 6. We were going to invite Thomas to go out to dinner with us, but 7. I was going to replace my computer with a tablet, but. EXERCISE 37 > Check your knowledge. (Chapter 1 Review) Correct the errors. 1. Breakfast is an important meal. I'm always eat a big breakfast. 2. While I was working in my office yesterday, my cousin stops by to visit me. 3. Yuki staied home because she catched a bad cold. 4. My brother is looks like our father, but I am resembling my mother. 5. Jun, are you listen to me? I am talk to you! 6. While I was surfing the Internet yesterday, I was finding a really interesting website. 7. Did you spoke English before you were come here? 8. I am not agree with your opinion. 9. My roommate usually watch television, listen to music, or going out in the evening. 10. Right now Sally in the kitchen eating breakfast. 11. While I'm driving home last night, I heared a strange noise in the engine. 12. Why you talking about me? I'm not appreciate that. 13. Yesterday, while I was sitting at my computer, Shelley was suddenly coming into the room. I wasn't knowing she was there. I was concentrate hard on my work. When she suddenly speak, I am jump. She startle me. EXERCISE 38 > Reading and writing. (Chapter 1) Part I. Read the journal entry. Underline the past tense verbs. Do you know these words? A Hopeful Beginning - somewhat - embarrassed - Syllabus - interrupt Today was my first day at the university, and I was late for class. I didn't remember the name of the building and went to the wrong one. After about ten minutes of confusion, I finally found the right class and walked in somewhat embarrassed. A girl with a friendly smile moved her books off the chair next to her. I sat down. The professor was going over the syllabus. I didn't have a copy, but I didn't want to interrupt him. The girl next to me shared hers. The course looked interesting but difficult. I wondered if all my classes had this much work. Then the teacher announced study groups. My new friend and I were in the same group. She introduced herself during the break, and I felt very comfortable when I spoke with her. Maybe the class is going to be OK after all. Part II. Write a journal entry about your experience in a class on your first day of school. 1. Begin with It was my first day at the university I in high school / in English class / etc. 2. What was the teacher doing when you walked in? What were other students doing? 3. Did you notice anyone or anything special? 4. How did you feel? 5. What were your first impressions about the class and what were your thoughts later? WRITING TIP It is important to consider your first piece of writing a draft, not your finished copy. When you begin to write, jot down ideas first and then sentences. As you write your paragraph, you can always change, reorder, or delete ideas. After you finish the paragraph, edit it carefully. Correct any errors in your next draft. Then read it again and make additional changes or rewrite if necessary. You might need to do this a few more times. It may sound like a long process, but your writing will be much better. Part III. Edit your writing. Check for the following: 1. indented paragraph 2. use of the simple past for an activity that began and ended at a particular time in the past 3. use of the past progressive for an activity in progress in the past 4. correct spelling (use a dictionary or spell-check) Fluency Practice. Work with a partner. Take three minutes to tell your partner about your experience on the first day of school. Then describe your experience to another student in two minutes. Finally, take one minute to describe your experience to a third student. Did the final time you spoke feel more comfortable and easier than the first time? 22 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 23

Question

CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive PRETEST: What do I already know? Write "C" if a sentence has the correct verb form and "I" for incorrect. Check your answers below. After you complete each chart listed, make any necessary corrections. 1. _ Air is consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. (1-1) 2. I am working overtime this week. (1-1) 3. Does the copy machine working right now? (1-2) 4. We aren't knowing Sami's wife. (1-3) 5. My cell phone network is always being slow. (1-3) 6. Gloria canceled her doctor's appointment because she felt better. (1-4) 7. _ I turned on the stove, am boiling the water, and forget to put in the rice. (1-4) 8. A few children drawed some pictures this morning while the teacher was talking. (1-5) 9. - When I turned the key, the car wasn't starting. (1-5) 10. I was going to call you, but my phone died. (1-6) Incorrect sentences: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 EXERCISE 1 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-1) Match the description with the sentence. Which sentences do you agree with? a. action happening right now b. general truth c. habit 1. _ I look at the stars every night. 2. __ I'm looking at an astronomy textbook. The earth revolves around the sun. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 1 1-1 Simple Present and Present Progressive This basic diagram will be used in all tense descriptions. now past future SIMPLE PRESENT (a) Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. (b) The average person breathes* 21,600 times a day. The simple present says that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future. It expresses general statements of fact and general truths. ***** (c) The world is round. (d) I get up at seven every morning. (e) I always eat a salad for lunch. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (f) The students are sitting at their desks right now. The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. The present progressive is a temporary activity that began in the past, is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the future. *See Appendix Chart E-2 for spelling rules for -ing verbs and Appendix Chart E-6 for final -s pronunciation. EXERCISE 2 . Let's talk. (Chart 1-1) Work in small groups. Each member of the group should contribute one sentence for each topic. Share some of your sentences with the class. 1. Tell your group one daily habit you have. 2. Look around the room. Make a sentence about one activity that is happening right now. 3. In one sentence, state a general truth about the world. EXERCISE 3 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-1) Complete the sentences. Use the simple present or the present progressive of the verbs in parentheses. 1. a. Kristin is in the shower. She (wash) is washing her hair. b. Kristin (wash) her hair every other day or so. 2. a. Tony usually (sit) in the front row during class. b. Today he (sit) in the last row. 3. a. Lars (work) the night shift on weekends. b. He's not home now. He (work) a double shift. 4. a. After six days of rain, I'm glad that the sun (shine) The simple present is used to express habitual or everyday activities. 10 12 start MOU finish? (g) I need an umbrella because it is raining. (h) I am taking five courses this semester. progress In 7 6 8 2 Partner A Partner B Examples: PARTNER A: In picture 1, the boy is watching sports on TV. He is holding a remote. He is changing channels. He is looking for a baseball game. Etc. PARTNER B: In picture 2, the boy is not watching TV. He is playing the guitar. Maybe he is practicing a popular song. Etc. EXERCISE 5 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-1) Choose the correct completion(s). Discuss your answers with the class. 1. In early summer, the sun 9:00 P.M. in my hometown. a. sets (It's a general statement of fact.) b. is setting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 2. It's a beautiful evening. I'm sitting outside. The sun behind the mountains. a. sets (It's a general truth.) b. is setting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 3 b. Every morning, the sun (shine) in my bedroom window and (wake) me up. 2 CHAPTER 1 5. a. Babies (grow) very quickly. Newborn babies are very different from three-month olds. b. Your baby (grow) so fast. She isn't a newborn anymore! 6. a. Please be quiet. I (try) to concentrate on my math homework. b. Each day, our math teacher (try) but I am very confused. to explain the material clearly, EXERCISE 4 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-1) With a partner, take turns making a few sentences about each picture. Use the present progressive. You can be imaginative! O 11 around 3. Rice __ in about 15 minutes. a. cooks (It's a general truth.) b. is cooking (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 4. Hurry! The rice _over onto the stove. a. boils (It's a general statement of fact.) b. is boiling (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 5. Dr. Costa __ his hospital patients before office hours. a. visits (It's a habitual activity.) b. is visiting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 6. Leo __ his bike through downtown traffic every day to work. a. rides (It's a habitual activity.) b. is riding (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 7. Jenna for her grandparents at their hotel. a. works (It's a habitual activity.) b. is working (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 8. Francine and Marco each other several times a day. a. text (It's a habitual activity.) b. are texting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. EXERCISE 6 > Listening. (Chart 1-1) Listen to the sentences. Choose all the correct completions. Outdoors 1. right now. every day. in the summer. 2. today. in the winter. every April. 3. every year. right now. this week. 4. right now. today. every winter. 5. every summer. right now. in the spring. 6. this week. every January. every winter. EXERCISE 8 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-2) Choose the correct completions. 1. Cold air isn't / doesn't rise. 2. What is / does water consist of? 3. Is / Does the earth spinning rapidly or slowly? 1-2 Simple Present and Present Progressive: Affirmative, Negative, Question Forms Simple Present Present Progressive AFFIRMATIVE 1 help. 1 am You, We, They He, She, It help. You, We, They He, She, It helping. helping. are helps. is helping. NEGATIVE 1 do not help. 1 You, We, They He, She, It do not does not am not are not helping. helping. help. You, We, They He, She, It is not help. helping. QUESTION Do 1 help? Am 1 helping? helping? Do you, we, they he, she, it help? Are you, we, they he, she, it Does help? Is helping? When do - help? When am - helping? EXERCISE 9 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-2) Complete the sentences with Do, Does, Is, or Are. On an Airplane 7. right now. every summer. this month. EXERCISE 7 > Reading and grammar. (Chart 1-1) Read the passage. Add the endings -s/-es where necessary. You may need to change -y to -ies. Write Ø for no ending. Do you know these words? 1. Are you ready for takeoff? 8. they serve food on this flight? 2. the plane taking off soon? 9. the movie beginning? 3. you nervous? 10. you like to fly? - amazing 4. you have your seat belt on? 11. the co-pilot flying the plane? 5. the seats comfortable? 12. the pilot sleep during the flight? Our Amazing Heart The heart is an amazing organ. It beat_ 100,000 1 - organ -pump 6. your seat comfortable? 13. the pilots sleep during the flight? 7. the seat go back more? 14. the plane on autopilot? EXERCISE 10 > Trivia game. (Chart 1-2) Work in teams. Make true sentences. The team with the most correct answers (factually and grammatically) wins. Use the simple present or present progressive. - oxygen times a day and pump __ 2 2,000 gallons of blood through - waste - tissues 60,000 miles of blood vessels in our bodies. Blood carry __ fresh oxygen from our lungs to all the parts of 3 the body. It also remove waste from our tissues. Here 1. Ice (melt) doesn't melt at 32°F (0℃). is an interesting fact: when we laugh __ , up to 20% more 5 2. Cold weather (cause) fingernails to grow faster. 6 through our body, so laughter is good for our hearts. blood go 3. The average person ( fall) asleep in seven minutes. 4. Salt water ( freeze) at the same temperature as freshwater. 4 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 5 5. Our noses ( grow) longer as we age. 6. Our feet (become) smaller as we age. 7. Red blood cells in our body (divide) right now. 8. On average, a person (blink ) more than 20,000 times a day. 9. Honey (spoil) 10. A cat (use) its whiskers for hunting. 11. The earth (revolve) around the moon right now. 12. The earth ( get) warmer according to scientists. EXERCISE 11 > Reading and grammar. (Charts 1-1 and 1-2) Choose the correct completions. Tornadoes Tornadoes occur / are occurring in most areas of the world. However, the plains of the 1 United States have / are having the most. (Plains are large areas of flat land with 2 few trees.) Tornado Alley, a frequent area for tornadoes, stretches / is stretching from Texas to North Dakota. Because tornadoes form / are forming over flat areas of land, they are not / do not so common in the mountains. Cold air meets / is meeting warm 6 air, usually in a thunderstorm. The winds make / are making a spiral or funnel cloud that 5 sometimes reaches 320 miles per hour. They pick up / are picking up cars, trees, and houses. 00 Sometimes this debris flies / is flying for miles. Strong tornadoes cause / are causing a lot 10 of damage. Surprisingly, the funnel cloud doesn't last / isn't lasting long, usually less than = ten minutes. Right now a tornado forms / is forming 12 over the plains. People seek / are seeking 13 shelter in underground areas such as basements. Several storm chasers get / are getting ready to follow the tornado and collect data. They listen / are listening to weather radios for 15 storm updates. Are you / Do you familiar with tornadoes? 16 Are you / Do you have tornadoes in your area? 17 disagree doubt mean recognize remember suppose appreciate care about please prefer dislike fear hate mind belong possess own consist of contain hear sound agree promise desire need exist matter seem look like amaze resemble surprise understand want wish (c) I think that your cousin is very nice. (d) I'm thinking about my trip to Rome. Some verbs, like think, have both non-progressive meanings and progressive meanings. In (c): think means "believe." In (d): am thinking means "thoughts are going around in my mind right now." Common Verbs with Both Non-Progressive and Progressive Meanings (like think) NON-PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE look It looks cold outside. Olga is looking out the window. appear Jack appears to be tired today. She's appearing on a TV show today. think I think that Mr. Liu is a good teacher. I'm thinking about my family right now. feel I feel that Mr. Liu is a good teacher. I'm feeling a little tired today. have I have a bike. I'm having a good time. see Do you see that bird? The doctor is seeing a patient right now. The chef is tasting the soup. taste The soup tastes salty. smell Something smells bad. What is it? love Ken loves his baby daughter. Ann is smelling the perfume to see if she wants to buy it. Ken is enjoying parenthood. In fact, he's loving it! Al is ill but won't see a doctor. He is being foolish." be Mary is old and wise. *Amlislare being + an adjective describes temporary behavior. In the example, Al is usually not foolish, but right now he is acting that way. 6 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 12 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. The chef is in his kitchen right now. He a. cooks b. is cooking 2. He some soup. a. tastes b. is tasting too salty. a. tastes b. is tasting 4. He. _it. a. doesn't like b. isn't liking 1-3 Verbs Not Usually Used in the Progressive (Stative Verbs) (a) I know your cousin. (b) INCORRECT: I-am-lenewing your cousin. Some verbs, like know, are stative or non-progressive. They describe states, not actions, and are rarely used in progressive tenses. ("States" are conditions or situations that exist.) Common Verbs That Are Usually Non-Progressive (like know) know believe like Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 7 EXERCISE 13 > Reading, grammar, and speaking. (Charts 1-1 -+ 1-3) Part I. Read the paragraph. Underline the verbs that are generally non-progressive. Then write the correct verb endings in the list of benefits: - s, -es, or -ies. Write Ø for no ending. A Summer Internship Lilly wants to get a job as a restaurant chef. Her culinary arts instructor believes a summer internship at a major restaurant is a good idea. Interns work for free or for a low wage, but they understand that they are receiving valuable experience in return. Some schools offer credit for an internship, and some companies hire their interns when the internship is over. Following are other benefits: 1. An internship apply __ classroom knowledge to real-world work experience. 2. It provide __ on-the-job training. 3. It teach __ important workplace habits (e.g., being on time) and workplace etiquette (how to behave at a company). 4. Interns learn __ about various jobs and opportunities within a company. 5. It give __ students the chance to network with employees. 6. The job experience look __ good on a résumé. Part II. Find information about a volunteer organization that interests you. It could be a club at your school, a group in your community, a world organization, etc. Make a list of the ways it is helpful. Write 5-7 sentences and present them to the class. Title your list: Benefits of EXERCISE 14 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-3) Discuss the differences in meaning of the italicized verbs in each group of sentences. Work in pairs, in small groups, or as a class. At the Park 1. a. These flowers smell good. b. Jane is smelling the flowers. 2. a. I think this park is beautiful. b. I need to relax. I am thinking about all the homework I have. 3. a. You look cold. I'll lend you my coat. b. I'm looking at the sky. A storm is coming. 4. a. I see a colorful kite. It's over there. b. Alex is coming later. He is seeing a doctor about his headaches. c. Jack and Ann come here every weekend. They are seeing each other. 5. a. I remember my first time here. Do you remember yours? b. I'm remembering a family picnic here with my cousins. It's a happy memory. 6. a. The children want a snack. They're hungry. b. The children are being awfully quiet. What are they doing? 8 CHAPTER 1 7. a. Every weekend there is an outdoor play here. Some of my friends are appearing in it. b. There is a man coming toward us. He's smiling. He appears to know us. 8. a. Gabriel is being rude. He's just sitting there, not talking to anyone. b. No, he isn't rude. He's just shy. 9. a. The baby is feeling the grass. b. The grass feels soft. c. I need to sit down. I'm not feeling well right now. d. I feel that it is important to take care of our parks. EXERCISE 15 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. This isn't my book. It __ to Mai. a. belongs b. is belonging 4. Olga is smiling. She _a good time. a. has b. is having 2. Ask Ahmed for your book. He. a. has b. is having 5. Relax. Everything is OK. I __ you. a. believe b. am believing 3. Your book is over there. Ahmed a. holds b. is holding it. 6. My computer says my file no longer a. exists b. is existing EXERCISE 16 > Let's talk. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) With a partner, choose one of the pictures and complete the related conversation. Then practice your conversation and perform it for the class. You can look at your book before you speak. When you speak, look at your partner. 1. A: Mmmm. That looks 2. A: You look B: Thanks. It's fresh out of the oven. B: I am. A: Is it __? A: What's B: Yes. And it's my own recipe. Would you B: I A: You need to A: Wow! It tastes B: B: I know, but I have too much/many. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 9 EXERCISE 17 > Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. A: What are you looking / do you look at? B: You! You look / are looking like your father. A: Are you thinking / Do you think so? Many people tell me I am resembling / resemble my mother. B: I see / am seeing your father's face when I look at you. 2. A: Why are mosquitos existing / do mosquitos exist? B: I know / am knowing one reason: they are a food source for other animals. 3. Right now I sit / am sitting in the cafeteria. Yoko texts / is texting. Ming is opening / opens his lunch. Jae is taking / takes a bite of his sandwich. Ali is staring / stares off into space. He seems / is seeming to be daydreaming, but perhaps he thinks / is thinking about the test next hour. What do you think / are you thinking Ali is doing / does? EXERCISE 18 > Grammar and listening. (Charts 1-1 -+ 1-3) Complete the sentences with the given verbs. Then listen to the forecast and check your answers. Weather Report Hello, this is Gayle Givens, your WWKK weather reporter. Well, it certainly (be) a beautiful day today. I (stand) here at City Park and boy,* the sun sure (shine) Hundreds of people (enjoy) the warmer temperatures today. There (be) not a cloud in the sky. We (look) at a perfect day right now, but it (look) 2. Martha is in science class. The chemistry experiment she (do) is dangerous, so right now she (be) very careful. She (want, not) to spill any of the chemical. She (be, always) careful when she does a chemistry experiment. 3. Right now I (look) at Nicole. She (look) angry. I wonder what's the matter. She (have) a frown on her face. She certainly (have, not) any fun right now. 4. A: How (you, like) the soup? (it, need) more garlic? B: No, it (taste) delicious. It (remind) me of my mom's soup. EXERCISE 20 > Reading and writing. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Part I. Read the review of the movie. Underline the verbs. What verb tense is used to describe the action? Do you know these words? - unjustly - accuse - marshall - VOW - dam The Fugitive The Fugitive is an action-packed, - pharmaceutical edge-of-your-seat movie. The police unjustly accuse Dr. Richard - suspenseful Kimball, the main character, of his wife's murder. A court finds him guilty and sentences him to death. On the way to jail, the prison bus crashes and Kimball escapes. A U.S. marshall, Samuel Gerard, vows to catch Kimball. Several times he almost succeeds, but Kimball stays one step ahead of Gerard. In one incredible scene, Kimball jumps from the top of a dam into a river to escape. Kimball doesn't want Gerard to catch him, but he also wants to solve the murder of his wife. His search for answers takes him to Chicago. He finds upsetting information about a friend and the friend's work with a pharmaceutical company. After many suspenseful scenes, Kimball finds the real killers and leads Gerard to them. Part II. Action in stories (books, movies, TV shows, etc.) is often told in the simple present tense. Find a movie you like. In simple English, tell what happens, give details about the movie, and tell how it ends. Here are some possible ways to begin: · __ is an inspiring/exciting/funny/etc., movie. (The main character) ... · A dramatic/suspenseful/exciting movie is . In this movie, ... . (The name of the movie) is about __. In this movie, ... Part III. Edit your paragraph. Underline the verbs. Did you use present tense? Check for the correct use of the third person -s/-es/-ies endings. 2 3 4 5 THE FUGITIVE 6 like some clouds (form) 7 air (move) in. We ( forecast) 8 over the ocean and colder cooler 9 10 rain (be) temperatures for tomorrow. I (think) 11 unlikely, 12 however. Stay tuned for the three-day forecast right after this message. EXERCISE 19 > Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Complete the sentences. Use the simple present or the present progressive of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Look! It (begin) Is beginning to rain. Unfortunately, I (have, not ** ) an umbrella with me. I (own, not) an umbrella. Spiro is lucky. He (wear) a raincoat. I (wear) a waterproof hat on rainy days. *Boy is an exclamation to express a strong feeling; similar to toot. ** A form of do is usually used in the negative when the main verb is have, especially in American English (AmE) but also commonly in British English (BrE): I don't have a car. Using have without a form of do is also possible but less common: I haven't a car. 10 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 11 EXERCISE 21 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-4) Ask another classmate these questions. Share your answers with the class. Find out the most common answers. 1. In what century did your great-grandparents live? They lived in the . 2. Where did they grow up? They grew up in (city/country) century. 1-4 Simple Past Tense (a) It snowed* yesterday. (b) Tom watched TV last night. At one particular time in the past, this happened. It began and ended in the past. Most simple past verbs add -ed, as in (a) and (b). (c) Jack went to work early. (d) I came to work late. (e) We saw a great movie last night. Some verbs have irregular past tense forms, as in (c). (d), and (e). NOTE: See Appendix Chart E-9 for a list of irregular verb forms. (f) Emily was at the office this morning. (g) You were tired yesterday. The simple past forms of be are was and were, as in (f) and (g). (h) Andrew caught the ball, ran down the field, and scored a point. Note that in a series of actions, the verbs are the same tense, as in (h). INCORRECT: Andrew caught the ball, is-running down the field, and seere a point. Regular Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE 13 NEGATIVE QUESTION 1 You He, She, It We They helped . did not help. Did Did Did Did 1 you he, she, it we they help? Irregular Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE 1 You He, She, It We They Dic NEGATIVE QUESTION 1 - 1 You He, She, It ate. You He, She, It We They Did Did Did he, she, it Did we they 1 you eat? PARTNER A: (book closed) PARTNER B: (book open) We They did not eat. Did 1. have a great trip? 2. come back feeling rested? 3. meet all your cousins? 4. hang out with* local people? 5. do a lot of tourist activities? 8. speak a little Greek? 9. eat in typical Greek restaurants? 10. lie on the beach? 11. buy some Greek sandals? 12. bring me a souvenir? 6. excited to be there? 7. spend time in museums? Be Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION I, He, She, It You, We, They was were here. here. I. He, She, It You, We, They was not were not here. here. Was Were I, he, she, it you, we, they here? here? *See Appendix Chart E-5 for information about final -ed pronunciation. 12 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 22 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-4) Complete the sentences with the correct simple past form of the verb. An Online Order 1. Anders (order) printer ink online last Monday. 2. The next morning he (realize) colored ink too. he (need) 3. He (try) to call the company to add more, but no one (answer) , and there (be) no voicemail. 4. Anders (worry) that the website (be) fake. 5. He (email) the company and (explain) his situation. 6. The manager (respond) a few hours later and (fix) the order quickly. 7. Anders (relax) email from the company. when he (receive) a confirmation EXERCISE 23 > Let's talk: pairwork. (Chart 1-4) Take turns asking and answering questions. You can answer yes or no. SITUATION: You just came back from a vacation in Greece. Your friend is asking you questions. Examples: fly back last night? PARTNER A: Did you fly back last night? PARTNER B: Yes, I flew back last night. happy to see your cousins? PARTNER A: Were you happy to see your cousins? PARTNER B: Yes, I was happy to see my cousins. PARTNER A: (book open) PARTNER B: (book closed) 13. take a lot of photos? 14. sad to leave Greece? *hang out with = spend time with Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 13 EXERCISE 24 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-4) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of verbs that make sense. More than one verb may be appropriate. Some answers are negative. SITUATION 1: Maria visited a friend at the hospital. A woman in the elevator had a cold and sneezed several times. The next day, ... ache eat feel have leave make schedule speak to take wake up 1. Maria in the morning with a fever and headache. well. 6. a picture. 7. my hand. 8. the washing machine? 9. at the sad ending. 10. over the fence. from math class. some money from the bank. some rice. these jeans? the actors. very quickly. was cooking. my shirt? when the play finished. in a sunny spot. EXERCISE 26 > Reading and grammar. (Chart 1-4) Part I. Read the passage. Underline the past tense verbs. AN INCREDIBLE FEAT In 2011, at the age of 100, Fauja Singh did something incredible: he ran a 26-mile (42 km.) marathon! He was the first 100-year-old to ever run a marathon. Singh decided he wanted to compete in races when he saw a marathon race on TV. He was 89! He didn't know much about training and showed up for his first session in a suit and tie. Originally from India, Singh moved to England in the 1990s after his wife and son died. At the time, he said he felt more dead than alive. He was very depressed and later believed that long-distance running saved him. He competed in his first marathon in London at the age of 89. He prepared for it in only ten weeks. His best time was at the 2003 Toronto Waterfront Marathon. He ran it in five hours and 40 minutes. Singh became world-famous and even carried the Olympic torch in 2012. In 2013, he decided to retire from long- distance running and completed his last marathon in Hong Kong. Do you know these words? - feat - show up - marathon - session - compete - retire - training 2. She 3. Her entire* body 4. She her temperature with a thermometer. 5. She a high fever. 6. She the house all day. 7. She a few spoonfuls of chicken soup. 8. She the nurse at the doctor's office. 9. She an appointment for the following day. SITUATION 2: Professor Moore is our new math teacher. He is very hard to follow. Yesterday, he ... confuse fill introduce leave speak 10. too fast. FLORA Running in the London Marathon, 2004 Part II. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Cover the reading. be / become carry feel leave retire run wear 11. the material to us quickly. 12. the board with examples. 13. time for questions, unfortunately. 14. everyone in the class. EXERCISE 25 > Listening. (Chart 1-4) Listen to the beginning of each sentence. Circle the correct completion(s). More than one completion may be possible. 1. happy. HAN good about my decision. on some ice. 1. Fauja Singh became a marathon runner when he was depressed. 2. two classes. about his wife. at night. 2. He a suit and tie to his first training. 3. He India after the death of his wife and son. 4. At the age of 89, he his first marathon. 5. Before he began training, he said he more dead than alive. 6. His best running time five hours and 40 minutes. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 15 3. the car with gas? sick? OK? several faces. for several hours. 4. with colored pencils. 5. in the woods. some money. the rain. *entire = whole 14 CHAPTER 1 7. He the Olympic torch in 2012. 8. He from marathon running in 2013. EXERCISE 27 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-5) Write the sentence (a. or b.) that correctly describes each scene. a. Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain. b. Rita stood under a tree when it began to rain. 1st: It began to rain. 2nd: Rita stood under a tree. 1. 1st: Rita stood under a tree. 2nd: It began to rain. 2. 1-5 Simple Past vs. Past Progressive SIMPLE PAST (a) I walked to school yesterday. (b) John lived in Paris for ten years, but now he lives in Rome. (c) I bought a new car three days ago. (d) Rita stood under a tree when it began to rain. If a sentence contains when and has the simple past in both clauses, the action in the when-clause happens first. In (d): 1st: The rain began. 2nd: Rita stood under a tree. 16 CHAPTER 1 PAST PROGRESSIVE (g) I was walking down the street when it began to rain. (h) While I was walking down the street, it began to rain. (i) Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain. (i) At eight o'clock last night, I was studying. (k) While I was studying in one room of our apartment, my roommate was having a party in the other room. In (g): 1st: I was walking down the street. 2nd: It began to rain. Both actions occurred at the same time, but one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action occurred. In (j): My studying began before 8:00, was in progress at that time, and probably continued. Sometimes the past progressive is used in both parts of a sentence when two actions are in progress simultaneously. EXERCISE 28 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) Write "1" before the action that started first. Write "2" before the action that started second. A Stormy Walk Home 1. Hi Mom. I was leaving you a voicemail when you picked up .* a. 1 I was leaving you a voicemail. b. _ 2 You picked up. 2. I had a terrible walk home. When the storm started, I was coming home from work. a. The storm started. b. I was coming home. 3. A painter next door was climbing a ladder when lightning hit the house. a. A painter was climbing a ladder. b. Lightning hit the house. 4. I heard him yell while I was running for cover. a. I heard him yell. b. __ I was running for cover. 5. He fell off the ladder when he saw the flash. Fortunately he's OK. a. He fell off the ladder. He saw the flash. *pick up (the phone) = answer the phone Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 17 * (e) When Mrs. Chu heard a strange noise, she got up to investigate. (f) When I dropped my cup, the coffee spilled on my lap. The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past. EXERCISE 29 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or the past progressive of the verbs in parentheses. Last Night 1. Between 5:00 and 7:00 P.M, I (sit) was sitting in class. I had a lot of things on my mind. I (think) about some family issues. I (listen, not) to the teacher. 2. It was a beautiful evening when I walked home. The moon (shine) over the water, and a warm breeze (blow) 3. I (stop) by a friend's apartment, but he (be, not) home. He (sit) in heavy traffic. He (get, not) home until 10:00. 4. My neighbors (argue) about something when I (walk) by them outside my apartment building. 5. A package (wait) for me at home. I (open) it and (find) an early birthday present. 6. While I (read) to my nephew, he ( fall) asleep, so I (cover) him up and (sneak) out of the room. EXERCISE 30 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-5) Choose the question or statement you would expect the speaker to say. Discuss your answers. Work in pairs, in small groups, or as a class. 1. When I went to bed late last night, I noticed that the light was on in your bedroom. a. Were you reading? b. Did you read? 2. Jane's cousin was at the party last night. a. Were you meeting him? b. Did you meet him? 3. A small airplane flew over our house several times last night. a. We were sitting out on the patio, and it made us nervous. b. We sat out on the patio, and it made us nervous. 4. I'm not sure if I met Carol Jones at the party last night. Describe her for me. a. What was she wearing? b. What did she wear? EXERCISE 31 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) With a partner, take turns asking and answering the questions. Choose all the expected answers. 1. What were you doing at 5:00 A.M .? 1. a. I was sleeping. b. I dreamed. C. I was lying in bed. car illegally. 3. ask / decide / look / see / work A: How did it go? (you) the manager for a raise when you 2. What did you do when you got home last night? 2. a. I was cooking dinner. b. I made dinner. c. I fixed dinner. 18 CHAPTER 1 3. What were you thinking about? 3. a. I was thinking about all the things I need to do today. b. I was thinking about my family. c. I was remembering my wedding day. 4. What did your mom like best about her vacation? 4. a. She was liking the beach. b. She enjoyed the warm weather. c. She was enjoying the swimming pool. 5. Who were you texting just now? 5. a. I text my mom. b. I am telling my manager I'm sick. c. I was texting a friend. 6. What did your friend make for breakfast? 6. a. He had eggs and coffee. b. He was having rice. c. He was making toast and tea. 7. Where did you live when you were younger? 7. a. We lived in this town for a while. b. We moved around a lot. c. We were moving from town to town. 8. Where were you going when I called you? 8. a. I was walking to the bus. b. I went to the bus stop. c. I was heading* downtown. *heading = going EXERCISE 32 > Grammar and speaking. (Chart 1-5) Work with a partner. Complete the sentences with the given verbs and the words in parentheses. Use the simple past or the past progressive. Practice one of the conversations and perform it for the class or a small group. You can look at your book before you speak. When you speak, look at your partner. 1. break / cross / slip A: How (you) your arm? B: I on the ice while I the street in front of the dorm. 2. find / look / park A: You're a half-hour late. Where were you? B: I for a place to park. A: (you) one? B: Well, yes and no. I my her yesterday? B: No, she on a big presentation for next week. She pretty busy. I to wait until later. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 19 4. want | miss / be / give A: (you) B: No, I in the meeting? the bus and (not) to walk into the room while Dr. Romero his speech. 5. drive / get | happen | keep | pay | see A: I had a bad day yesterday. B: Oh? What ? A: I a traffic ticket. B: Really? That's too bad. What was it for? A: For running a red light. I home and (not) attention to the road. I (not) the red light and just driving. EXERCISE 33 > Listening. (Chart 1-5) Part I. Anna had a scary experience last night. Listen to her story with your book closed. Then open your book and listen to the statements. Circle "T" for true and "F" for false. 1. TI 2. T F 3. T F 4. T F 5. T F 6. T F Part II. Listen again. Complete the sentences with the verbs you hear. A Scary Night I a terrible experience last night. You won't 1 believe what happened! A man into my apartment 2 while I was asleep. There I was, just sleeping peacefully when someone the glass in the sliding door! 3 no 1-6 Unfulfilled Intentions: Was / Were Going To (a) Jack was going to go to the movie last night, but he changed his mind. Was / were going to talk about past intentions. Usually, these are unfulfilled intentions, i.e., activities someone intended to do but did not do. The meaning in (a): Jack was planning to go to the movie, but he didn't go. (b) I was planning to go, but I didn't. I was hoping to go, but I couldn't. I was intending to go, but I didn't. I was thinking about going, but I didn't. Other ways of expressing unfulfilled intentions are to use plan, hope, intend, and think about in the past progressive, as in (b). EXERCISE 35 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-6) Choose all the sentences that are true about the given sentence. 1. I was going to pay you back for the taxi. a. I paid you back. b. I was planning to pay you back. c. I didn't pay you back. 2. I was going to stay home on my day off, but I had too much work at the office. a. I was intending to stay home. b. I worked at the office. c. I had a lot of work, but I stayed home. 3. Jared was going to the hospital to see his mother when he began to feel ill. a. Jared was on his way to the hospital. b. Jared had plans to see his mother but needed to change them. c. Jared didn't go to the hospital. 4. My dad was going to surprise my mom with jewelry for her birthday. a. He wanted to give her jewelry. b. He gave her some jewelry. c. He didn't surprise her with jewelry. 5. I was going to the train station when I remembered your phone call. a. I was planning to go to the train station, but I didn't. b. I was on my way to the train station. c. I didn't go to the train station. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 21 The sound me up. I the 4 5 sliding door open, so I reached for the phone by the bed and called the as I told the operator there was an intruder in my home. police. My voice 6 I in my bedroom closet when the burglar into my 7 room. Soon I sirens as the police 8 to my building. From the crack in the closet door, I the burglar as he 12 outside with my laptop. The police jumped out of their cars and followed him, but he managed to get away in a car that was waiting for him. The police back in their cars and drove after him. 13 Later I learned that they him a few miles from my building. I really frightened by all this. It really 15 16 me, as you can imagine. I'm staying at my sister's house for the rest of the week. 20 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 34 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-6) Circle yes if the speaker is expressing an intention or plan; circle no if not. 1. I am going to call you at 9:00 tomorrow. yes no 2. I was going to call you, but I couldn't find your phone number. yes no 3. I was going to class when I ran into a friend from my childhood. yes no 4. I was planning to go to college right after high school but yes then decided to work for a year first. 9 10 11 EXERCISE 36 > Writing or speaking. (Chart 1-6) Take turns completing the sentences. Work in pairs or small groups. Share some of your answers with the class. 1. I was going to get up early this morning, but 2. I was planning to visit you this weekend, but 3. I was going to call you on your birthday, but 4. We were hoping to see that movie in a theater, but 5. I was going to text you, but 6. We were going to invite Thomas to go out to dinner with us, but 7. I was going to replace my computer with a tablet, but. EXERCISE 37 > Check your knowledge. (Chapter 1 Review) Correct the errors. 1. Breakfast is an important meal. I'm always eat a big breakfast. 2. While I was working in my office yesterday, my cousin stops by to visit me. 3. Yuki staied home because she catched a bad cold. 4. My brother is looks like our father, but I am resembling my mother. 5. Jun, are you listen to me? I am talk to you! 6. While I was surfing the Internet yesterday, I was finding a really interesting website. 7. Did you spoke English before you were come here? 8. I am not agree with your opinion. 9. My roommate usually watch television, listen to music, or going out in the evening. 10. Right now Sally in the kitchen eating breakfast. 11. While I'm driving home last night, I heared a strange noise in the engine. 12. Why you talking about me? I'm not appreciate that. 13. Yesterday, while I was sitting at my computer, Shelley was suddenly coming into the room. I wasn't knowing she was there. I was concentrate hard on my work. When she suddenly speak, I am jump. She startle me. EXERCISE 38 > Reading and writing. (Chapter 1) Part I. Read the journal entry. Underline the past tense verbs. Do you know these words? A Hopeful Beginning - somewhat - embarrassed - Syllabus - interrupt Today was my first day at the university, and I was late for class. I didn't remember the name of the building and went to the wrong one. After about ten minutes of confusion, I finally found the right class and walked in somewhat embarrassed. A girl with a friendly smile moved her books off the chair next to her. I sat down. The professor was going over the syllabus. I didn't have a copy, but I didn't want to interrupt him. The girl next to me shared hers. The course looked interesting but difficult. I wondered if all my classes had this much work. Then the teacher announced study groups. My new friend and I were in the same group. She introduced herself during the break, and I felt very comfortable when I spoke with her. Maybe the class is going to be OK after all. Part II. Write a journal entry about your experience in a class on your first day of school. 1. Begin with It was my first day at the university I in high school / in English class / etc. 2. What was the teacher doing when you walked in? What were other students doing? 3. Did you notice anyone or anything special? 4. How did you feel? 5. What were your first impressions about the class and what were your thoughts later? WRITING TIP It is important to consider your first piece of writing a draft, not your finished copy. When you begin to write, jot down ideas first and then sentences. As you write your paragraph, you can always change, reorder, or delete ideas. After you finish the paragraph, edit it carefully. Correct any errors in your next draft. Then read it again and make additional changes or rewrite if necessary. You might need to do this a few more times. It may sound like a long process, but your writing will be much better. Part III. Edit your writing. Check for the following: 1. indented paragraph 2. use of the simple past for an activity that began and ended at a particular time in the past 3. use of the past progressive for an activity in progress in the past 4. correct spelling (use a dictionary or spell-check) Fluency Practice. Work with a partner. Take three minutes to tell your partner about your experience on the first day of school. Then describe your experience to another student in two minutes. Finally, take one minute to describe your experience to a third student. Did the final time you spoke feel more comfortable and easier than the first time? 22 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 23

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