Figure 1 Large pharma productivity from 2005-2010. Combined FDA-approved NMES versus R&D spending for nine large pharmaceutical companies (Astra Zeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly,Glaxo SmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and

Sanofi- Aventis). Figures shown are in millions ofUS dollars. Source: FDA CDER; Bernstein'. NME includes biologicals and vaccines.