Project 1: Design of a power plant Due date: Feb. 7 2024 Design alternatives are to be considered to provide 50MW of power for an industrial setup. For this purpose study

various alternates e.g. Brayton Cycle, Rankine Cycle, Combined cycle, etc. considering minimization of Exergy loss as the objective function. Further access other advantages & disadvantages in relation to initial and operational costs for each alternative. Your report may also consider sensitivity analysis for various parameters (e.g. pressure ratio, Boiler/condenser pressure, highest cycle temperature etc.) for the selected system. Deliverables include: A report and a presentation of your findings and, picture/video clips of the design and selection process including the computer program/software. Your report must include a Title page, Contents, LOFigures and LOTables and References. All figures may be referenced in the text, and the computer program should be included in the appendix at the end of the report. In addition, the report may include summary, an introduction, design methodology, presentation and discussion of results and findings and a conclusion. 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved./n (To decrease exergy destruction and maximize final power output) in power generation cycles such as Rankine and Brayton cycles, several strategies and methods can be employed. Here are some key approaches: Common Strategies: 1. Improving Component Efficiencies: 2. Optimizing Operating Parameters: ● 3. Enhancing Heat Recovery: ● Increase the efficiency of key components such as compressors, turbines, pumps, and heat exchangers to minimize energy losses. Specific to Brayton Cycle: 1 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems: ● Adjust operating parameters, such as pressure ratios, temperatures, and mass flow rates, to find optimal conditions that reduce exergy destruction. Implement regenerative heat exchangers to recover more heat from the exhaust gases and use it to preheat incoming streams, improving overall system efficiency. 2 Intercooling and Reheating: ● Utilize the waste heat from the Brayton cycle for additional processes, such as heating or other industrial applications, to maximize overall system efficiency. ● Specific to Rankine Cycle: Implement intercooling between compressor stages and reheating between turbine stages to reduce irreversibilities and increase the overall efficiency. 1 Superheating and Reheating: Increase the temperature of steam entering the turbine through superheating and reheating, which improves the efficiency of the Rankine cycle. 2 Binary Cycle Systems: Implement binary cycles to capture additional power from low- temperature heat sources, increasing overall system efficiency. Advanced Strategies: 1 Advanced Materials and Coatings: Use advanced materials and coatings to improve heat transfer and reduce losses in high-temperature components. 2 Combined Cycle Configurations: ● Integrate both Rankine and Brayton cycles in a combined cycle configuration to utilize waste heat effectively and maximize overall efficiency. Parameter needed for analysis and their range Brayton Cycle: 1. Pressure Ratio (PR): Range: 5 to 30 Explanation: The ratio of the compressor outlet pressure to the inlet pressure. ● 2. Inlet Temperature (T1) or Highest Cycle Temperature: Range: 300 K to 2000 K ● ● 3. Isentropic Efficiency of the Compressor (n_c) and Turbine (n_t): Range: 0.7 to 1.0 ● ● ● 4. Specific Heat Ratio (y or k): Range: 1.1 to 1.4 ● Explanation: The temperature at the compressor inlet or the highest temperature in the cycle. Rankine Cycle: ● 1. Boiler Pressure (P1) and Condenser Pressure (P2): Range: 1 MPa to 30 MPa Explanation: Efficiency of the compressor and turbine in converting work. ● Explanation: The ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to specific heat at constant volume. ● 2. Boiler Temperature (T1) and Condenser Temperature (T2): Range: 300 K to 900 K ● Explanation: The pressure at the inlet of the turbine and the pressure at the condenser. 3. Isentropic Efficiency of the Pump (n_p) and Turbine (n_t): Range: 0.7 to 1.0 Explanation: Efficiency of the pump and turbine in converting work. Explanation: The temperature at the inlet of the turbine and the temperature at the condenser. 4. Specific Heat Ratio (y or k): Range: 1.1 to 1.4 Explanation: The ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to specific heat at constant volume. Common to Both: 1. Mass Flow Rate (m): ● ● 2. Regeneration Effectiveness (for Brayton): ● ● Range: Varies based on the system design. Explanation: The rate of mass flow through the cycle. 3. Cooling Medium Temperature (for Brayton): Range: 273 K to 350 K ● Range: 0 to 1 Explanation: Effectiveness of the heat exchanger in recovering heat from the turbine exhaust. ● Explanation: Temperature of the cooling medium in the heat exchanger. 4. Pump and Compressor Efficiency (n_pump, n_compressor): Range: 0.7 to 1.0 Explanation: Efficiency of the pump and compressor in converting work. It's essential to note that the specific ranges for these parameters can be highly dependent on the design constraints, the type of working fluid used, and other system-specific factors. Conducting sensitivity analyses with variations within these ranges will provide insights into the system's behavior under different conditions.