QUES 2: WHICH ELECTORAL SYSTEM IS MORE DEMOCRATIC : PR OR FIRST PAST THE POTS. EXPLAIN WHY AND GIVE SPECIFIC COUNTRY EXAMPLES

Introduction Over the last few years, legislators and researchers have both persisted in questioning whether a particular voting system is optimal for a particular country. Since the initial periods of democracy in ancient Athens, people have been looking for more effective ways to run the government. The construction of proportional representation is one of the most well-liked governmental structures that has sustained for a long period. First past the post system vs. Proportional representation In a first-past-the-post system, voters choose a contender, and whoever accumulates the most votes succeeds, regardless of whether that candidate received less than 50% of the vote generally. In general, proportional representation means that the number of seats a party gets corresponds to the number of votes it obtains2. There are numerous distinct proportional representation methods, including the "alternative vote" technique. Voters can already rank the candidates in terms of priority rather than declare their backing for just one. Typically, votes are tabulated for each voter's preferred option. The contender who receives the poorest votes is then excluded if no competitor achieves more than 50% of the votes based on the very first selections. Why is proportional representation more democratic? One could argue that political party coalitions, which regularly emerge in a PR system, are healthy for a democracy. This is on the premise that it provides a group reflecting a minority group the chance to express their views within the government. Furthermore, the government will be far more inclusive of the diversity of viewpoints within the population. This mechanism precisely reflects the votes that each political group collects in an election, rendering it more equitable than its alternative. Considering that, as contrasted to first past the post, the elected body will probably reflect a larger segment of the population. The first-past-the-post voting method simply enables the selection of one victor per constituency, which could amount to the massive loss of countless votes. For instance, 52% of votes in the United Kingdom's general election of 2005 went to defeated contenders. This may result in a ripple effect that lowers voter turnout in subsequent elections since some people might not recognise the value of casting their votes if they do not really reflect. Although most people decided to vote for a different party, this approach fundamentally obfuscates the sentiments of voters, whereas a party with a lower count of votes can govern the majority of parliament. The United Kingdom, Canada and the United States use FPTP and witness tremendous discussions regarding their electoral equitability3. PR is used in some of the most prosperous and stable countries in the world, like Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, to assure that votes and seats are equitable and balanced. Why is proportional representation considered more democratic? This global period with intensified cosmopolitanism and multiculturalism demands a more inclusive policy that would encompass every identity and minority voices. A party would hold 60% of the seats if it obtained 60% of the votes. A proportional representation (PR) electoral system's main trait is that this is. Despite the existence of various PR approaches that do this, all iterations aim to strengthen the connection between the candidates that people support and the people they choose, making it a more democratic election system.