Cell Biology Homework Help

BIOL22111/BIOL24413 Immunoopharmacology practical (BMS and DA only) (Term 1) Session 2022-2023. The effect of toll-like receptor (TLR) activation on cell viability and nitrite production in J774 macrophage cells: the effect of Dexamethasone.

C. Prokaryotic Cells: Use a toothpick to drop some yogurt onto a microscope slide. Cover the sample with a coverslip and observe right away before the yogurt dries out. Two of the main bacterial types used in making yogurt are Streptococcus thermophilus (chains of spheres) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (rod- shaped). The bacteria are barely visible using the 40X objective, and most of what you will see on the slide are clumps of casein (milk protein). Starting with the lowest power objective, focus on the casein clumps, then switch to the next highest power objective, and refocus. When you get to 400X total magnification, look for an open space between two thick areas of casein, and look for the tiny bacteria streaming through this space. You might notice the bacteria vibrating a bit as well. It may help to decrease your microscope illumination slightly to see these cells.

CULMINATING PERFORMANCE TASK Culminating Activity Rationale: In this project, you will analyze a device/technology related to a topic learned in this course, introduce a scientist, and explore a career. Overall Expectations: A1.Describe the structure and function of the macro molecules necessary for the normal metabolic functions of all living things,and the role of enzymes in maintaining normal metabolic functions. B1.Investigate and explain the relationship between metabolism and the structure of bio molecules C1. Determine the similarities and differences between cellular respiration and Photosynthesis D1.Investigate the effects of genetic manipulation on an organism by observing of survival and growth in different environment. E1. Describe and explain mechanism involved in the maintenance of homeostasis F1. analyze the components of population growth, and explain factors that affect

Experiment 2: Experiment to investigate the effect of different concentrations of catalase enzyme on the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide 1. Propose an aim and hypothesis based on the theoretical context; when enzyme concentration increases, will rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition increase? (AC 1.1) 2. Devise a methodology to investigate your hypothesis, identifying any risks and outlining steps taken to minimise risks (AC 1.2 and AC 1.3) 3. Carry out the proposed practical investigation (AC 1.3 and AC 1.4) 4. Record and present data in a format suitable for analysis and to verify or discredit the predictions made in the hypothesis (AC 2.1 and AC 2.2) 5. Evaluate the validity of your hypothesis (AC 2.3) 6. Review the practical investigation for any anomalies, errors or limitations linked to equipment or methodology and suggest proposed improvements (AC 3.1, AC 3.2, AC 3.3 and AC 3.4) 7. Ensure that the final lab report follows a format agreed with the tutor (AC 4.1)

(a)Describe the methods used to study protein structure (give a list of methods mentioning the achievable resolution and sample requirements for each method). (b)You are given 100mg of a stable, soluble and pure 500 kDa protein. Which low- and high-resolution techniques would you use to obtain structural information of the protein? Which methods would you not use and why?Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. (c)Why do some proteins crystallize easily while others do not? Focus on the properties of different proteins. (d)Discuss the differences between different amino acids (discuss amino acidgroups and list amino acids belonging to each group). Draw the structures ofarginine and alanine and compare these 2 amino acids.

(a)List four properties of proteins that are exploited in their purification. For each give an example of a protein purification procedure that takes advantage of that property.(2 marke) (b)Name two procedures that can be used to break open bacterial cells? In your answer, briefly state the principles behind how each method achieves this. 흐What conditions/reagents can be used to preserve the biological integrity of proteins once cells have been broken open? You must provide at least three examples and explain how the condition/reagent works to preserve the biological integrity of the proteins. (d)Use the table below to calculate the specific activity, fold purification and percent recovery for the last three stages of a purification procedure. Please show at least one full calculation for each column and where appropriate include the correct units. (e)Explain what is meant by a crude extract (1 mark) and why ammoniumsulphate is often used as the first step in the purification procedure afterproducing a crude extract (2 marks). (f)Explain the effectiveness of using a CM-cellulose ion exchange chromatography for the purification of a protein with a pl of 6.7, when using a buffer with pH 7 42 6A small sample of the purified protein was run on an isoelectric focussing gel.Briefly, explain the technique and how an isoelectric focussing gel is set up.The answer should also include an explanation to the principle of isoelectric focussing.(2 marks)

6. In gel electrophoresis DNA molecules are separated based on

3. Directions: Identify the restriction sites for each of the examples given. Show the cuts, mention if they are sticky ends or blunt, 5' overhangs or 3 'overhangs and the number of DNA fragments produced and the number of base pairs in each (count the top row).Remember: Analyze in the 5'→ 3' direction 3

3. You create a fusion protein that adds a Green Fluorescent protein domain to thesoluble cargo protein in the diagram above. Where does the cargo proteinaccumulate if :a. Rab is mutated and does not function?b. The transmembrane cargo protein is missing?c. The coat protein is missing?d. The v-snare is mutated and does not function?e.The t-snare is mutated and does not function?f. The pH at the final destination is the same as the pH of the transportvesicle?