TO DO: write a 3 page essay about the leaky Bucket Theory (you may user reference attached file) Also solve three problems of your choice from the text or attached file

R25. What is the difference between direct and indirect routing of datagrams to/from a roaming mobile host?

2. [20 points]Consider a VC network with a 2-bit field for the VC number. Suppose that the network wants to set up a virtual circuit over four links: link A, link B, link C and link D.Suppose that each of these lin ks is currently carrying two other virtual circuits, and theVC numbers of these other VCs are as follows: In answering the following questions, keep in mind that each of the existing VCs may only betraversing one of the four links. a. If each VC is required to use the same VC number on all links along its path, whatVC number could be assigned to the new VC? b. If each VC is permitted to have different VC numbers in the different links along its path (so the forwarding tables must perform VC number translation), how many different combinations of four VC numbers (one for each of the four links)could be used?

Consider the figure below. What are the source and destination port values in the segments flowing from the server back to the clients' processes? What are the IP addresses in the network-layer datagrams carrying the transport-layer segments? Suppose x, y, z are the IPs for A, Band C respectively.

In the above problem, suppose R1=R2=R3=R and dproc=0. Further suppose the packet switch does not store-and-forward packets but instead immediately transmits each bit it receives before waiting for the entire packet to arrive. What is the end-to-end delay?

1. [12 points] Host A and Host B are communicating using TCP. Complete the missing sequence numbers (Seq) and acknowledge numbers (ACK) in the following figures: ] With Retransmission Scenarios:

Question 10 : Apply the NAT/PAT protocol to fill the NAT table for the given scenario:

R21. What is meant by a "visited network" and a "home network" in 4G/5G cellular architecture?

P2. Consider sender 2 in Figure 7.6 below. What is the sender's output to the channel (before it is added to the signal from sender 1), Z 2, m?

Project Description We are going to implement version 1.0 of HTTP, as defined in RFC 1945, where separate HTTP requests are sent for each component of the Web page. The server will be able to handle multiple simultaneous service requests in parallel. This means that the Web server is multi-threaded. In the main thread, the server listens to a fixed port. When it receives a TCP connection request, it sets up a TCP connection through another port and services the request in a separate thread. To simplify this programming task, we will develop the code in two stages. In the first stage, you will write a multi-threaded server that simply displays the contents of the HTTP request message that it receives. After this program is running properly, you will add the code required to generate an appropriate response.