1. A Trojan writer must ensure that his/her Trojan circuitry is not likely to be detected during manufacturing test, and thus understanding how test works is important. Consider the following circuit.

5. Simulate the circuit from problem 4 with the "count" wire represented by a clock. Simulate enough clock transitions to demonstrate the ripple counter moving through all possible states from '000' to '111' and starting over again.

3. Assume the use of two 4-bit shift registers performing a serial transfer. The schematic from the lecture is given below. Given the table of initial values for Shift Register A and B, fill in the remaining values at each time instant.

1. Design a block diagram simulation of a 6-bit serial shift register. Your answer to this problem is your schematic. The 4-bit version from the lecture is shown below. Place an output pin at the output of each flip-flop and name them Qo - Q5

Using a 74HC151, design an odd parity circuit checker that has 4 inputs: A, B, C, and D, with A being the most significant bit, and one output Y that computes the odd parity of the 4 inputs. For example, the truth table will look similar to the following:

Q.1 Show all of your working for each section. (a) Convert the following binary number to decimal 1101101 (b) Convert the following decimal number to binary 82 (c) Convert the following binary number to hexadecimal 1100101001010111 (d) Convert the following hexadecimal number to binary 10A4 (e) Convert the following hexadecimal number to decimal A85 (f) Convert the following decimal number to hexadecimal 650 (5 Marks) (5Marks) (5 Marks) (5 Marks) (5 Marks) (5 Marks)

What is the range of a signed 8-bit binary fixed-point system with delta=2²?

Q.3 Apply DeMorgan's theorem to each expression. Show all of your working. חד (a) A + FIL A+B+C (b) A+B+CD A+BCD+E+F (5Marks) (5Marks) (5 Marks)

Q.2 (a) If the two waveforms are applied to the AND gate as shown in Figure 2 (a), what is the resultant output waveform. Accurately reproduce the input waveforms and show the output waveform below them so that the timing can be compared. High Low High Low A Figure 2(a) B B Figure 2(b) A b) If the two waveforms are applied to the OR gate as shown in Figure 2 (b), what is the resultant output waveform. Accurately reproduce the input waveforms and show the output waveform below them so that the timing can be compared. B (10 Marks) ADX (10Marks)

Q.4 (a) Determine the output (in terms of Boolean expressions) of all five logic gates in the circuit shown in Figure 2. (5 Marks) A B D D F (b) By utilising Boolean algebra, show that the function F obtained in part (a) above, is also equivalent to (A + B). (C+D) Show all of your working. (5 Marks)