A person (or organization) who enjoys a benefit, such as clean air or environmental conditions, while paying less than a fair share of the cost. free rider disproportionality environmental justice civil society

Coal mining is a leading cause of water pollution in surrounding communities creates ash ponds which leach toxins into streams and waterways leads to the removal of whole mountain tops all of these

The IPAT formula is a way to look at how which factors impact the environment? profit, affluence, temperature population, animals, trees profit and technology population, affluence, technology

A cost of producingin the accounting.or consuming something that is not included periphery cost externality market exchange market failure

1) What does Peter Singer mean by "speciesism" and why does he believe that speciesism is morally wrong? Explain why Singer would say that meat-eaters are speciesists even if farming practices did not cause animals to suffer. Finally, explain how Shelly Kagan's appeal to Superman and E.T. is meant to challenge Singer's claim that most of us are speciesists.

At the beginning of the semester, we talked about how where your tires on your car/bike come from affects the survival of the orangatang. In June 2016, Michelin Tire Company announced that they were adopting zero deforestation for their rubber source. This is an example of environmentally responsible business leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) free market government regulation

Environmental economists attempt to assign monetary values toecosystem services so that they can be included in the cost of atransaction. They have estimated that those ecosystem servicesmay be worth as much as $125 trillion in 2011. TrueFalse

The Cap and Trade system is an example of the commons regulation pollution an institution

Coal mining is declining in West Virginia because environmental regulations have stopped mountain top removal coal companies moved to states where coal has less sulfur sothey would not have to invest in sulfur scrubbers natural gas is cheaper all of the above

When it comes to issues of sustainability, consumption patterns are a much bigger challenge than fertility issues. True False

A new housing development is built using copper wiring inCalifornia. The copper wire costs $16.60/foot. The copper minefrom where the copper is sourced polluted a water source for thenearby communities and destroyed fragile habitat in Utah. Thecost of the environmental destruction and important watersource is an example of a market exchange the cost of doing business market failure a concentrated cost

The free rider problem is the question of how to spread costs equitably, particularly when mutual coercion is not feasible that the oil and gas industry have to pay too much because of increased regulation the failed initiative of getting people to use public transportation there is no problem - catching a ride for free is smart

Paying $70/gallon for gas would be a far more accurate price when taking into account the social costs and externalities. True False

Social costs are costs inflicted by externalities, which are not taken intoaccount in market transactions. things like the price of health care due to pollution deforestation leading to increased flood damage all of the above

Intended or unintended impacts of economic decisions that fallon people who are not party to the transaction. externalities market failure third-party effects market exchange

2) Glenn Parsons draws a distinction between strong and weak aesthetic preservationism. Explain that distinction. Suppose that a lightning strike has ignited a forest fire in northern Ontario that will destroy anaesthetically valuable forest unless it is extinguished. What would a strong preservationist say about a plan to extinguish the fire? Would she be for or against such a plan? Why or why not?What would a weak preservationist say about a plan to extinguish the fire? Would she be for or against the plan? Why or why not? (In answering these questions, limit your explanation of what the strong and weak preservation isn't would say to considerations that follow from their being strong and weak preservationists, respectively). Using the forest fire example, explain why a critic of strong aesthetic preservationism would say that strong preservationism is self-defeating. Finally, explain why Richard Watson would deny that strong aesthetic preservationism is self-defeating.

Coal mining is a leading contributor to greenhouse gasemissions. True False

Which is an example of an externality? pollution greenhouse gas emissions funding public art for every development project initiated all of these

2. [10 points] The USGS estimated that the geologic storage capacity for carbon dioxide in the US is 3,000 metric gigatons (Gt). Your task is to figure out how long this storage capacity would last. a.Break down the problem using the approach from class. i. What are you given? ii. What are you asked to find? iii. What data or relationships do you need? iv. Where can you find it? V.What concepts are needed? b. Select a location (zipcode) and identify the annual carbon dioxide emissions for that location using the Cool Climate Calculator. https://coolclimate.org/calculator C.Get census data for the population of that county. d. How many years of annual household carbon dioxide emissions could be stored? Assume this county has access to the entire geologic storage capacity in the US. State any other assumptions you made to arrive at your answer.

3. [10 points] Envision is a sustainability rating system that can be applied to any infrastructure project. To be recognized and receive an Envision Award, projects must show how the infrastructure design uses sustainable practices. Projects can achieve credits in five categories:Quality of Life, Leadership, Resource Allocation, Natural World, and Climate and Risk. Look at the Envision credit list. For in-depth information on the categories and credits, download the Checklist/Scorecard at https://www.asce.org/envision/. a) Which of the five categories are closely connected to what you've learned in this unit on carbon footprint? (You can indicate more than one) b) Give three examples of actions that a project manager could take to earn Envision credits related to carbon footprint reduction. c) Which of the following projects would be eligible for Envision rating? i.Pipeline ii.Wastewater treatment facility iii.Wind farm iv.Airport construction Highway construction d) Which components of the triple bottom line are incorporated into Envision? Briefly justify your answer. i.Social ii.Environmental iii.Economic