1. (a) Explain how clock synchronisation is achieved in 10BT networks. (b) Discuss two methods by which CSMA/CD improves the SlottedAloha access scheme. (c) Two hosts are connected by an Ethernet full-duplex link. What is the maximum utilisation and under which conditions is achieved?

5. Consider the circuit of Figure 3 below: a. Enter the circuit into Multisim and determine the voltage across R₁and the current through it. b. Determine the The venin equivalent circuit to the left of terminal A-Busing ONLY Multisim. c. Connect R, to the Thevenin equivalent circuit found in (b) as shown in Figure 3(b). Determine the voltage and current for resistor R₁. It should agree with the results obtained in (a)

2. Use MATLAB to determine the following functions: \text { a. } f\left(8 x^{3}+4\right) d x \text { b. } \int 4 \cos (2-3 t) d t \text { c. } f\left(4 t^{3}-9 t^{2}+7 t+3\right) e^{-t} d t \text { d. } \int_{2}^{3}\left(6 x^{3}-2 x^{2}+3\right) d x

3. (a) When does a host use the ARP cache? Your answer should provide details of the algorithm. (b) Write the minimum routing table for the local router in Figure 1that allow the hosts to be connected to the Internet.[10 marksı (c) Provide diagrams and a detailed explain on either of the two following topics:[14 marksl Show how a DNS message is encapsulated in an Explain why TCP is called connection-oriented protocol and UDPis connection less.

1. Use MATLAB to differentiate the following functions: \text { a. } y(x)=5 x^{3}-9 x+5 \text { b. } y(t)=5 t^{7}+2 t^{5}-3 t^{2}+10 \text { c. } f(t)=\sqrt{t}+\sqrt[3]{t}-2 \sqrt[4]{t} y=\frac{x^{2}+7}{2 x^{3}+5 x^{2}-4 x+9}

a. The equations below represent the node voltages obtained usingnodal analysis of the circuit shown in Figure(2). Solve the equations using MATLAB. 3 V_{1}-2 V_{3}=12 11 V_{2}-6 V_{3}-5 V_{4}=-90 -15 V_{1}-6 V_{2}+31 V_{3}-10 V_{4}=120 -V_{2}-2 V_{3}+3 V_{4}=36 b. Enter the circuit in Multisim and run the simulation to find thevalues of all node voltages. The results should agree with thoseobtained in (a) 12

2. (a) Is it possible to connect a 10MB/s Ethernet to a Fast Ethernet LAN enabling connectivity between all hosts? What hardware should be put in place? (b) Two computers on a LAN formed by several interconnected switches exchange a large amount of data, affecting the performance of the other computers. Thus, network administrators decide to move the two computers on the same LAN segment. (i)Explain why this would mitigate the problem. (ii)Indicate a way of doing it without physically moving the machines or installing additional cables. (c) Consider the ASCII encoding of the least significant digit of your student ID as a byte of a 100BT Ethernet frame. Assuming a nullscrambler, draw the waveform that the NIC would produce on cable.

a. The loop equations for the circuit shown in Figure 1 are stated below. 12 I_{1}-2 I_{2}-2 I_{3}=0 -2 I_{1}+7 I_{2}-2 I_{4}=-6 -2 I_{1}+7 I_{3}-2 I_{4}=6 -2 I_{2}-2 I_{3}+12 I_{4}=0 Solve the above equations using MATLAB to find all the loopcurrents. b. Enter the circuit in Multisim and run the simulation to find the values of all loop currents. The results should agree with those obtained in (a)