Water @ 80°F flows from a storage tank through a horizontal, 80-ft long, 4-in diameter galvanized iron pipe that includes a flow control valve. a) Ignore minor losses and calculate

depth of water in the tank above the discharge pipe to convey 2 cfs. Use Darcy equation for friction head loss. b) Repeat calculation using Hazen-Williams equation for friction head loss c) List 2 reasons that water hammers could develop in this pipe and list 2 mitigations to either eliminate or reduce the potential for water hammers.