You want to make row vector "y" a column vector. To do so you could performy=y' or y=transpose(y). in MATLAB z=sqr(4) will return 2 in MATLAB an IF and For statement may share the same end statement MATLAB the following code would work to calculate sum of squares The MATLAB operator <> is used to determine inequality between variables. In MATLAB, if x is a matrixx.^2 is a valid statement cos (60 degrees) is in fact 0.5 In excel cos(60) will give 0.5 Centered finite differences are more accurate than forward or backward finitedifferences. In MATLAB, For, for, FOR are all equivalent