Sketch the frequency domain representation of the intermediate signals involved in the “Chopper Amplifier" application. If the chopper frequency is 100kHz, and the chopper duty cycle is100D% (or, its fraction is D, a number 0-1), determine the signal amplification as a function of the band pass amplifier A and the duty cycle D.

8. A ferromagnetic core with a relative permeability of 1500 is shown in the following figure. The core depth is 6 cm. Assuming the current in the coil with 250 turns to be 4 A: -) Find 4, l2, lz and l4 in meters. (4 points) Find cross-sectional area (in m²) in the four sections of the core. O Find the reluctances of each section (R1,R2, R3,R4) as defined in the equivalent circuit shown in the below figure. (4 points) O Find the total reluctance of the magnetic equivalent circuit Rtot. What is the magneto-motive force F produced by the coil in A.t? ) Calculate the total flux in the core and draw the direction of it in both figures. Calculate the magnetic flux density in the left and right columns (B1and B3). ( h) Calculate the magnetic flux intensity in the left and right columns (H, and H3).(2 points) Calculate the mmf drop across R1 and R3. (

Convert the following (stop at 5 significant numbers for the fraction) (216.52)10 to Binary (399.234)10 to Hexadecimal (84.5)10 to Octal (1110101.1011)2 to Hexadecimal (AB12)16 to Binary (4654.421)s to Binary (FACD)16 to Octal

Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) Receiver Design Explain the basic principle of coherent detection technique inoptical wireless communications with the help of a system block-diagram.[4 Marks) Explain the basic operation of a LED and the steps involved toachieve the spontaneous emission, discuss the processes usingappropriate diagrams. Name any three properties of an LEDsthatare important for the design of a communication system.(6 Marksl A photodiode has a quantum efficiency (n) of 65 % when photonsof energy 1.5X1019J are incident upon it, calculate the followings: at what wavelength is the photodiode operating? the responsivity of the photodiode at the above wavelength. the incident power required to obtain a photocurrent of 2.5HA at the above wavelength.[3 Marks] E=hf=\frac{hc}{\lambda};R=\frac{nq}{hf}R=\frac{ip}{p^0}

Answer the following questions for Kansas City: 1. Calculate the elevation, zenith and azimuth angle on 27th Jan 10:30AM LT. (Points 5+5+5=15) 2. Calculate the Air Mass at this time and also calculate direct and global radiation at that time.

1. Regarding the minimum form of a combinational circuit: a. The minimum in sum-of-products always has the same number of literals as the minimum in product-of-sums. b. It may be the same size as the canonical form of the circuit. c. The minimum form in sum-of-products is always unique. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. 2. A gated SR latch a. has only one combination of inputs that remembers the previous state. b. can be built using NAND gates alone. c. has no input combinations that result in unpredictable operation. d. changes state only on the negative edge of the clock pulse. e. All of the above. f. None of the above. 3. A master-slave JK flip-flop a. stores inputs to the master only when the clock input is one. b. changes output only on a particular edge of the clock pulse. c. has no input combinations that result in unpredictable operation. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. . A n-input decoder with enable input a. can be used to implement any Boolean function of n inputs. b. is identical to a demultiplexer of a certain size. c. is a combinational circuit. d. All of the above.

To obtain a desirable step response of a closed-loop system, we know that the poles of the s-domain closed-loop transfer function T(s) should be at s = -1.2 + j1.6. find the z-domain poles of the equivalent discrete-time closed-loop transfer function, we will require a sampling frequency of equal to or more than 20 rad/s or3.183 Hz. What is the condition based on which this limit is derived? Give a brief explanațion to support your answer b) Based on the range specified in Question 1a), choose your own sampling frequency, and write it down clearly in your answer script. Based on this value of sampling frequency, find the z-domain poles of the equivalent discrete-time closed-loop transfer function. Express your answer in the form of z, = a t jb. c) A plant is regulated using a digital control system as shown in Figure 1 where the sampling frequency is based on that you have chosen in Question 1b) and discrete-time transfer function for D/A converter + plant is given by G_{d}(z)=\frac{z+0.5}{z-p} where P has a value determined in Preamble. Determine K(z) so that the closed-loop system transfer function has a DC gain of 1,its poles are ęqual to those determined in Question 1b), and it has no zero. Write your final answer in the form K(z) \frac{b_{0}+b_{1} z^{-1}+b_{2} z^{-2}+\cdots}{1+c_{1} z^{-1}+c_{2} z^{-2}+c_{3} z^{-3}+\cdots}

1. The current mirror on Figure P1.1 uses NPN BJTS Q3 and Q4 with current gains B3 = B4 = B =220. Find the value of the DC current I, that it produces. Consider the BJT Differential Amplifier (DA) on Figure P1.2. Transistors Q1 and Q2 have current gains B1 = B2 = B = 220. The previous current mirror (the one of Figure P1.1) is used to provide the current IFe = I,, with I, being the current that you found in Question 1 (Problem 1). Let IB,, Ic,, and Ig, be, respectively, the base, collector, and emitter currents of Q,. Moreover,let IB,, Ic,, and Ig, be, respectively, the base, collector, and emitter currents of Q2. DC Analysis: Based on what you found in Problem 1, Question 1, express and compute IB,,Ic, Ig,, IB,, Ic2, and Ig,.a. i.Differential Mode: Express and compute the Differential Mode gain Adm: ii.Common Mode: Express and compute the Common Mode gain Acm: For REE (as you have in your notes) use ro4=va/1p4, with VA =104 V and ID4, = IeE- ii.Compute the Common Mode Rejection Ration (CMRR) is dB.

Consider a circuit that has three inputs A, B, and C and four outputs X, Y, Zand F (Flag). Let A, B, and C be the unsigned binary representation of the number W where W can take from 0 to 7. If W is in the range between 0 and4, then the outputs X, Y, and Z should be the unsigned binary representation of (W+3). For example, if A B C = 010, then X Y Z should be 101 and soon. If W is equal to 5, 6, or 7, the output X Y Z must be 000 and the Flag must be 1. In all other cases, Flag must be 0. Implement this circuit using only three of the following components/gates: • Decoders • Encoders • AND gates • OR gates • NOT gates.

Phasor Notation: Two sinusoidal signals are defined as x_{1}(t)=\sqrt{5} \cos (7 t-\pi / 3) \quad x_{2}(t)=\sqrt{5} \cos (7 t+\pi) \text { and their sum is denoted as } x(t)=x_{1}(t)+x_{2}(t) \text { a) Find the complex valued signal } z_{1}(t) \text { such that } x_{1}(t)=\Re\left\{z_{1}(t)\right\} \text { Find the complex valued signal } z_{2}(t) \text { such that } x_{2}(t)=\Re\left\{z_{2}(t)\right\} \text { Find the complex valued signal } z(t) \text { such that } x(t)=\Re\{z(t)\}