HOMEWORK PROBLEMS [To turn in for grading] The internal combustion engine (ICE), both spark-ignition (i.e., gas fuel) and compression-ignition (i.e., Diesel engine) has been the main source of propulsion for our transportation system for the last 100 years. But, due to the harmful effects of its emission on the environment, there is an ongoing push to relace it with electrified propulsion, which is driven by battery power. However, there are ongoing research to modify ICE or use different fuels to power it in order to reduce the emissions to a desirable level. Based on the above, investigate the following items under consideration, analyze any related issues, discuss possible solutions and trade-offs, and provide recommendations. 1. There are many recent developments in the design of the current of ICE (gas or Diesel). Identify 3 such advancements and describe in no more than 3 slides each. 2. Identify 2 types of entirely new alternative-fuel (not a gasoline or Diesel blend) ICE technologies under investigation; for example, hydrogen-powered ICE. Then, identify their applications, advantages, shortcomings, and key technical attributes, etc. Summarize your findings in no more than 5 slides each. Present your work in a PowerPoint presentation format; refer to Appendix A for details. Upload a soft copy on Canvas before the deadline: a. Upload your native electronic PPT file onto Canvas; PDF or scanned photocopies or photographed pages are not accepted. b. In addition to the PPT file, you can upload a PDF copy of you file to ensure the formatting is preserved in cas the PPT file get distorted. c. Use the following file name convention: AUE 400_HW_XX_YYYYYYYY.zzz, where the bolded characters are: XX is the HW number, YYYYYYYY is your Uniqname, and zzz stands for the appropriate file extension (e.g., pptx, pdf, etc.). This is an INDIVIDUAL assignment. Each student must submit their own work in order to receive credit.

Description of Assessment Task and Purpose: The Initial Assessment Form will be used as the basis for planning your work over the coming academic year. You should refer back to this document in order to monitor your own progress. In preparing the Initial Assessment Form, you are making a commitment that you will deliver a number of objectives within a specified timescale. For this reason, it is vital that you agree what these objectives and timescales are with your supervisor as soon as possible. The purpose of the Initial Assessment Form is: • To demonstrate that you understand the context and purpose of your project • To agree a list of formal objectives and deliverables with your supervisor • To develop and communicate an initial project plan i.e. a work breakdown structure supported by a Gantt chart or timeline

3)PARAMETRIC: Liquid octane (C8H18) at 298 K & 1 atm enters a well-insulated combustion chamber and burns with air. For steady-state operation and assuming complete combustion, plot the following: a) Products temperature vs. % theoretical air (100% - 400%), if air enters at constant 298 K. b) Products temperature vs. inlet-air temperature (298-600 K) at constant 120% theoretical air.

PARAMETRIC: An ICE is tested with liquid octane (C8H18). The air-intake system is being tuned over the range of 70% - 130% theoretical air. Both fuel and air enter at 298 K, and the exhaust leaves at 700 K. All hydrogen in the fuel is assumed to burn to H₂O at all times. Heat transfer from this engine is just equal to the work done by the engine. Plot the following parameters vs. % theoretical air: a)The power output of the engine [kW], if it burns 18 kg/h of fuel. b) The CO emission [ppm].5

In an internal combustion (IC) engine working on a dual combustion cycle, the temperature of the working fluid(air) at the beginning of the compression process is 25°C. The compression ratio is 15 and the pressure ratio's 1.58. The amounts of heat added at constant volume and at constant pressure are equal. Develop an excel file to calculate the temperatures across the cycle and the thermal efficiency. Graph the total amount of heat in as a function of the inlet temperature if the inlet-temperature varies from 0°C to 25°C.

\bar{h}_{f}^{0}=-352000 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kmol} Determine the HHV and LHV of diesel fuel, which can be approximated by dodecane (C12H26) withh = -352000 kJ/kmol.