1. (4 points) For each of the following pairs of statements, use Modus Ponens or Modus Tollens to

fill in the blank line so that a valid argument is presented.

a) If Linda passes the final exam, then she will get an A for the course.

Linda passed the final exam.

b) If Chris completes the marathon, then he will win a gold medal.

Chris did not win a gold medal.

c) If this is a while-do loop, then the loop condition is checked before the loop body is executed.

..The loop condition is checked before executing the loop body.

d) If Sarah goes hiking in the morning, then she won't attend the afternoon meeting.

. Sarah didn't go hiking in the morning.