2). Generations of Computer Suggest your opinion and discuss about the Advancement of Technology that led to the development of the many computing devices that we use today.

1840s - Ada Lovelace, often regarded as the first computer programmer, demonstrated how a procedure might be constructed for machine-based problem-solving in the 1840s. This was the beginning point for every advancement in the world of computers. 1936 - Alan Turing created the Turing Machine, a number-crunching machine. This marked the beginning of both the computational science and theoretical computer science fields. 1941 - Konrad Zuse created the first programmable computing system, the Z3 electric computer, in Germany. It featured a memory that could hold 64 numbers. 1943 - John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert started developing the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). It took up a whole room, and programmers had to physically connect cables to complete computations 1947 - William Shockey, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain of Bell Labs constructed the first working transistor, marking possibly the most significant development in human technology since humanity learned to wield fire. 1953 - Grace Hopper invented COBOL, the first computer language that could operate on equipment built by multiple firms. COBOL, which stands for "common business-oriented language," was designed to be human-readable rather than machine-readable. 1958 - Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce had the concept to design an integrated circuit that could store data. Using the transistor as a starting point, they developed a silicon computer chip. 1970 - A new firm called Intel released the first dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chip. 1971 - IBM invented the floppy disk, providing customers with a method to store more data and transfer information from one location to another. 1974 - Personal computers first appeared on the market. The Altair was a $400 build-it-yourself kit. The Apple II computer was a watershed moment in the history of the computer. First Generation Computers: Vacuum Tubes The technology that powered the first-generation computers was a fragile glass device known as a vacuum tube. The main electronic component was the Vacuum tube. Main memory consisted of magnetic tapes and magnetic drums. Input/output devices were paper tape and punched cards. Eg - IBM 650, IBM 701, ENIAC, UNIVAC1, etc. Second Generation Computers: Transistors Second-generation computers relied on transistor technology rather than cumbersome vacuum tubes. The adoption of transistors allowed for strong and fast performance. It lowered the size and cost, as well as the heat created by vacuum tubes. Eg - PDP-8, IBM1400 series, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, CDC 3600 etc. Third Generation Computers: Integrated Circuits Technology transitioned from massive transistors to integrated circuits, generally known as ICs. In this case, a variety of transistors were installed on silicon chips, known as semiconductors. The speed and dependability of this era's computer were its most distinguishing features. During this generation, the value size was lowered but memory space and dealing efficiency were raised. Eg - IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, NCR 395, B6500, UNIVAC 1108, etc Fourth Generation Computers: Micro-processors In 1971, the first microprocessors were utilized, which were large-scale integrated (LSI/VLSI) circuits created on a single chip. The most significant benefit of this technology is that a single microprocessor would house all of the circuitry needed to execute arithmetic, logic, and control tasks on a single chip. made it a more user-friendly and common device. It utilized semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, etc. Eg - IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple Macintosh, Alter 8800,