3. The Roman Republic underwent two great social upheavals: the Struggle of the Orders and the civil wars of the late republic. Compare the causes, participants, and results of these two upheavals. Who profited from each? Was Rome better off after each upheaval? Explain your reasoning.

3. Between the fourth and third centuries BCE, the Roman Republic had seen the Struggle of the Orders. Between the affluent Patricians and the underprivileged Plebeians, there was conflict. The Patricians dominated the governance and economics of Rome, and they frequently abused their influence over the Plebeians. The position of Plebeian Tribune was established as a result of this momentous secession, giving the Plebeians their first glimpse of actual authority. Following this, the Roman Republic was established, with the populace actively participating in governance and city-wide decision-making. The plebeians and patricians had gained universal suffrage with the conclusion of the conflict of orders. The typical plebeian gained work, wealth, and honor from these battles, and any genuine vulnerability of plebeian rebellion was also erased thanks to the feeling of patriotism that these conflicts inspired. Caesar had consistently maintained power in Rome, whether as tyrant or as consul, despite inevitable disruptions to the political system. Caesar was active everywhere and performed all tasks to a nearly phenomenal level. His demeanour and his supporters' actions made his adversaries reflect on traditional republican principles. A group of opponents gathered around Marcus Iunius Brutus. Caesar was assassinated on the ides of March while the senate was in session. Following the assassination of Julius Caesar, a civil war erupted between those who viewed themselves as Caesar's heirs and others who viewed themselves as old republicans. The duration was over ten years. The result of wars in late republic leads to the end of roman republic and establishment of roman empire.