4.4.1. The total discharge from A to B in Figure P4.4.1 is 0.936 m³/s. Pipe 1 is 100 m long with a diameter of 40 cm, and pipe 2 is 100 m long with a diameter of 50 cm. Determine the head loss between A and B (junctions) and the flow rate in each pipe using (a) Hardy-Cross principles and (b) the method of equivalent pipes. Assume e₁ = 2.0 mm and e₂ = 1.25 mm for the highly tuberculated pipes, 20°C water, and minor losses are negligible. (25 points) Hint: The Hardy-Cross method could be employed, but since there is only one loop a direct solution is possible. Figure P4.4.1 2₁ 1 2₂ 2 B

Fig: 1