6-1 Discussion: Routing Protocol Vulnerabilities Discussion Topic In Module Five, you were introduced to the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). You used RIP to allow networks to communicate through a router. RIP is one of the interior routing protocols that can be used to open communications between networks, or it can be used to stop communication between devices that reside on the same or different networks. As with any routing protocol, RIP has benefits and drawbacks. As a security practitioner, you will be called upon to provide your unique viewpoint and expertise in weighing the factors related to connectivity, traffic flow, and security when selecting or implementing routing protocols. For your initial post, address the following: How does employing an adversarial mindset affect decisions to implement RIP in the network? Construct your answer using one of the six fundamental design principles identified below: O Separation of domains Isolation Modularity Layering Least privilege. ο ο ο ο ο Undergraduate Discussion Rubric O Minimization of implementation Identify at least one vulnerability that RIP introduces related to the fundamental design principle that you chose. For reference, refer to the CIA Triad and Fundamental Security Design Principles PDF document. Rubic directions Directions Overview Your active participation in the discussions is essential to your overall success this term. Discussion questions will help you make meaningful connections between the course content and the larger concepts of the course. These discussions give you a chance to express your own thoughts, ask questions, and gain insight from your peers and instructor. For each discussion, you must create one initial post. For your initial post, do the following: • Write a post of 1 to 2 paragraphs. • In Module One, complete your initial post by Thursday at 11:59 p.m. Eastern. • In Modules Two through Eight, complete your initial post by Thursday at 11:59 p.m. of your local time zone. . Consider content from other parts of the course where appropriate. Use proper citation methods for your discipline when referencing scholarly or popular sources. Criteria Comprehension Timeliness Discussion Rubric Proficient Exemplary Develops an initial post with an organized, clear point of view or idea using rich and significant detail (100%) N/A Develops an initial post with a point of view or idea using adequate organization and detail (85%) Needs Improvement Develops an initial post with a point of view or idea but with some gaps in organization and detail (55%) Submits initial post on time Submits initial post one day (100%) late (55%) Not Evident Does not develop an initial post with an organized point of view or idea (0%) Submits initial post two or more days late (0%) Criteria Engagement Writing (Mechanics) Exemplary Provides relevant and meaningful response posts with clarifying explanation and detail (100%) Writes posts that are easily understood, clear, and concise using proper citation methods where applicable with no errors in citations (100%) Proficient Provides relevant response posts with some explanation and detail (85%) Needs Improvement Provides somewhat relevant response posts with some explanation and detail (55%) Writes posts that are easily | Writes posts that are understood using proper citation methods where applicable with few errors in citations (85%) understandable using proper citation methods where applicable with a number of errors in citations (55%) Not Evident Provides response posts that are generic with little explanation or detail (0%) Writes posts that others are not able to understand and does not use proper citation methods where applicable (0%) CIA Triad and Fundamental Security Design Principles The terms listed below are essential in the field of cybersecurity and will be a topic of conversation and application throughout the program. It is therefore important for you to familiarize yourself with these terms and their definitions. Note that the CIA triad is sometimes referred to as the tenets of cybersecurity. The Fundamental Security Design Principles are sometimes called fundamental design principles, cybersecurity first principles, the cornerstone of cybersecurity, and so on. CIA Triad Information that is secure satisfies three main tenets, or properties, of information. If you can ensure these three tenets, you satisfy the requirements of secure information (Kim & Solomon, 2013). ● Confidentiality Only authorized users can view information (Kim & Solomon, 2013). ● Integrity Only authorized users can change information (Kim & Solomon, 2013). ● Availability Information is accessible by authorized users whenever they request the information (Kim & Solomon, 2013). Fundamental Security Design Principles These principles offer a balance between aspirational Total (and therefore unobtainable) "perfect security," and the pragmatic need to get things done. Although each of the principles can powerfully affect security, the principles have their full effect only when used in concert and throughout an organization. These principles are a powerful mental tool for approaching security: one that doesn't age out of usefulness or apply only to a few specific technologies and contexts; one that can be used for architecture, postmortem analysis, operations, and communication. The principles are ultimately only one piece in the security practitioner's toolkit, but they are a flexible piece that will serve different roles for different people (Sons, Russell, & Jackson, 2017). • Abstraction Removal of clutter. Only the needed information is provided for an object-oriented mentality. This is a way to allow adversaries to see only a minimal amount of information while securing other aspects of the model (Tjaden, 2015). ● Complete Mediation All accesses to objects should be checked to ensure that they are allowed (Bishop, 2003). ● Encapsulation The ability to only use a resource as it was designed to be used. This may mean that a piece of equipment is not being used maliciously or in a way that could be detrimental to the overall system (Tjaden, 2015). ● Fail-Safe Defaults / Fail Secure The theory that unless a subject is given explicit access to an object, it should be denied access to that object (Bishop, 2003). ● Information Hiding Users having an interface to interact with the system behind the scenes. The user should not be worried about the nuts and bolts behind the scenes, only the modes of access presented to them. This topic is also integrated with object-oriented programming (Tjaden, 2015). ● Isolation Individual processes or tasks running in their own space. This ensures that the processes will have enough resources to run and will not interfere with other processes running (Tjaden, 2015). ● Layering Having multiple forms of security. This can be from hardware or software, but it involves a series of checks and balances to make sure the entire system is secured from multiple perspectives (Tjaden, 2015). ● Least Astonishment (Psychological Acceptability) Security mechanisms should not make the resource more difficult to access than when security mechanisms were not present (Bishop, 2003). Least Privilege The assurance that an entity only has the minimal/n Network Routing How do routing protocols influence the design of a network? What is the most important factor in routing IP packets? Internetworking, connecting one network to another, is essential to the ef- fective functioning of modern, secure networks. By distributing users and devices across multiple domains, we can gain more efficient traffic flow, isolate networks for security and availability, and deliver a more controlled environment. In order to ensure that multiple networks can communicate as intended, packets must have a clear path from source to destination. Routers provide the crucial function of directing the network traffic by reading the destination address, identifying the most appropriate link for the packet, and then forwarding the packet. How does the router identify the most appropriate link? In previous modules, you used static routes to provide these links; however, as networks become more complex, routing protocols become increasingly important. Routing protocols employ algo- rithms to appraise the available routes based on predetermined factors and make this determination dynamically. In this module, you will get an overview of routing protocols and ap- proaches for the IP address translation. In particular, you will explore Routing Information Protocol (RIP), network address translation (NAT), and port address translation (PAT). You will expand your skills in Packet Tracer, applying IP packet routing techniques and DHCP and DNS ser- vices to a network. You will use these skills in your upcoming projects in Modules Six and Seven. While this module focuses on applying RIP as the dynamic routing protocol in the labs and activity, the next module will take a deeper dive into a second protocol: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). As you work with RIP in this module, think about how RIP is calculating routes, and be prepared to consider how other protocols change your ap- proach to internetworking.

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6-1 Discussion: Routing Protocol Vulnerabilities Discussion Topic In Module Five, you were introduced to the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). You used RIP to allow networks to communicate through a router. RIP is one of the interior routing protocols that can be used to open communications between networks, or it c