Question

Ammonia is commercially prepared using the Harber process, in which gaseous hydrogen andnitrogen are combined under high temperatures (300 and 550 °C) and pressures (15-25 MPa).The following equilibrium exists between the gases. \mathrm{N}_{2(\mathrm{~g})}+3 \mathrm{H}_{2(\mathrm{~g})} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NH}_{3(\mathrm{~g})}\left[\Delta \mathrm{H}=-92.4 \mathrm{~kJ} \cdot \mathrm{mol}^{-1}\right) (i)Based on your understanding of the factors which affect the equilibria, discuss what the effect of varying the pressure and temperature would have on the formation of ammonia In order to increase the efficiency of the process it is carried out as a cycle with the equilibrium mixture of gases being heated and cooled during the cycle. (ii)Explain how this temperature cycle increases the overall efficiency of the process.

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