In order to target a specific region of genomic DNA with CRISPR, researchers must include a guide RNA containing a 20-basepair (bp) long spacer sequence that matches the DNA sequence at the target site. One of the possible risks of genetic engineering methods is "off-target" editing, which occurs when a guide RNA matches a part of the genome other than the intended target site. (i) How many possible guide RNA sequences are there? (ii) Estimate probability that a single site in the human genome matches a random 20-bp spacer. State all your assumptions. (iii) After infection, HIV converts its RNA genome into DNA and inserts itself into the human genome. Imagine you have designed a 20-bp spacer to target and deactivate part of the HIV DNA sequence. Based on the previous answer, estimate the probability that this sequence will have at least one off-target match somewhere in the human X chromosome, which is 300 000 bp long (counting both strands). Note: when P is very small (close to 0), (1-P)^n is approximately equal to (1-nP). (iv) What would be the probability of an off-target site appearing somewhere in the entire human genome (6 billion pairs counting both strands)?

a). Choose a specific ecosystem (eg a coral reef, a desert, a rainforest) and briefly describe a situation where human intervention has significantly altered it (either for the better or the worse). Remember to describe the ecosystem both before and after the changes and explain the factors that have caused the transformation (examples would include logging companies clearing large areas of forest or the introduction of a treatment plant that reduced the amount of raw sewage piped into the sea).

b). Discuss how far you believe human beings should go to protect current ecological systems (if at all) and whether you think there is ever a time when natural ecology should be sacrificed for human needs.

Part 3: You were requested to again investigate the association between exposure to noise and hearing loss while also accounting for each worker's age, level of education, past history of a hearing ailment, and presence of comorbidity. What statistical analysis would provide an answer?

Assume that we want to construct a confidence interval. Do one of the following, as appropriate. (a) Find the critical value Za/2. (b) find the critical value ta/2, or (c) state that neither the normal nor the t distribution applies. Confidence level is 95%, o = 26.6, and the histogram of right-eye vision measurements from a random sample of 66 adult males is shown to the right. Frequency 40 30- 20 10 of 0 50 100 150 200 Vision in Right Eye Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice. OA. Za/2 (Round to two decimal places as needed.) OB. ta/2 (Round to two decimal places as needed.) OC. Neither the normal nor the t distribution applies. Next Q

QUESTION 7 W N price/pound US dollars A I apples plums O Mato-bod oranges 2 price/pound US dollars. 3 B apples I plums oranges all answers. 10 points/nprice/pound US N N price/pound US - apples plums oranges apples plums oranges On this chart, the lines extending above and below the top of the bar could depict O Standard deviation O Coefficient of correlation Statistical Significance O Both standard error and standard deviation could be depicted this way Standard error of the mean

QUESTION 8 price/pound US dollars 3 2 A I apples plums oranges w N price/pound US dollars B apples 10 points Save Answer plums oranges isuers/nQuestion Completion Status: pric pric AQ ✩ apples plums oranges apples plums oranges Explain how these bars and whiskers contribute to understanding of the significance of the results obtained: 100 words or less! For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS Paragraph V Arial V 10pt *** O WORDS POWERED BY TINY Sign in

QUESTION 4 8 % 20 15 10 $ 44 Overweight and Obesity in Adults 06 $$ 41.3 36.2 29 27.7 1234 1234 1234 1234 1- Men Overweight 2- Men Obese 3- Women Overweight 4- Women Obese Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. Save All Answers 10 points Save and Sub/n15 10 S 0 44 43 0.3 0.6 1234 India 2.4 5.5 1234 China 1234 Mexico 4-Women Obese 1234 USA According to the chart, is it true that being overweight is substantially more prevalent in India than obesity? True O False 10 po

QUESTION 6 N price/pound US dollars A price/pound US dollars m apples plums oranges apples What is the general name for this type of the chart? Pie chart plums oranges Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. 10 points/n7_486080_1/cl/outline * Question Completion Status: price/pou I apples plums oranges apples What is the general name for this type of the chart? O Pie chart price/pou A pictorgam Stacked bar graph Bar graph Scatter plot I plums & oranges 1 $

4. We've talked a lot about the difference between correlation and causality. You read a study's conclusion that states that "having more social support causes increased levels of happiness." (10 points overall) a. What are some potential issues with the way the researchers established causality? (4 points) b. What steps are needed to establish causal order of social support and happiness? (3 points) c. Suggest one or two other variables that we might need to take into account when we're looking at the relationship between social support and happiness. (3 points)