BLACK DEATH A RIYETTES 2002 TR 1 BUBONIC PLAGUE · Gangrene of the extremities such as toes, fingers, lips and tip of the nose . Chills · General ill feeling (malaise) · High fever (102 ºFahrenheit) · Muscle cramps · Seizures . Pain may occur in the area before the swelling appears · Skin color changes to a pink hue in some very extreme cases . Smooth, painful lymph gland swelling · Buboes BUBOES · Pustules . Main indication of the plague 1346 Moscow Stockholm + Copenhagen Kiev + London Cologne + Cracow · Vienna Paris Milan + Constantinople Marsailles Barcelona Rome 1347 Stockholm Moscow Copenhagen Kiev London Cologne · Cracow · Vienna Paris Milan Marsailles Barcelona Constantinople Rome 1348 Moscow + Stockholm Copenhagen Kiev + London Cologne · Cracow + · Vienna Paris Milan + Constantinople Marsailles Barcelona Rome 1349 Moscow + Stockholm Copenhagen Kiev + London Cologne · Cracow Vienna Paris Milan Constantinople Marsailles Barcelona Rome 1350 Stockholm Moscow + Copenhagen Kiev London Cologne · Cracow · Vienna Paris Milan + Constantinople Marsailles Barcelona Rome 1351 Moscow Stockholm + Copenhagen Kiev + London Cologne · Cracow · Vienna + Paris Milan + Constantinople Marsailles Barcelona Rome 1351 Moscow Stockholm + Copenhagen Kiev London, Cologne · Cracow · Vienna Paris Milan + Constantinople Marsailles Barcelona Rome 1353 Stockholm Moscow + Copenhagen Kiev London Cologne + Cracow + · Vienna Paris Milan + Constantinople Marsailles Barcelona Rome ANGNOLO DI TURA "And in many places in Siena great pits were dug and piled deep with the multitude of dead. And they died by the hundreds, both day and night, and all were thrown in those ditches and covered with earth. And I, Angnolo di Tura, call the Fat, buried my five children with my own hands. And there were also those who were so sparsely covered with earth that the dogs dragged them forth and devoured them throughout the city. There was no one who wept for any death, for all awaited death. And so many died that all believed it was the end of the world. GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO DECAMERON "In the year of Our Lord 1348 the deadly plague broke out in the great city of Florence, most beautiful of Italian cities. Whether through the operation of the heavenly bodies or because of our own iniquities which the just wrath of God sought to correct, the plague had arisen in the East some years before, causing the death of countless human beings ... Neither knowledge nor human foresight availed against it ... " 6 S GEOFFREY DE MEAUX "I have been asked by some of my friends to write something about the cause of the general pestilence, showing its natural cause, and why it affected so many countries, and why it affected some countries more than others ... consider the reasons for such a great mortality in so many countries, and how the illness came through the influences of the stars. Ptolemy ... says "the important things are the strengths and powers of the hour, the conjunctions and oppositions, eclipses of the sun and moon, and the places the planets cross at that house ... " ON EARTHQUAKES "There is a fourth opinion, which I consider more likely than the others, which is that insofar as the mortality arose from natural causes its immediate cause was a corrupt and poisonous earthy exhalation, which infected the air in various parts of the world and, when breathed in by people, suffocated them and suddenly snuffed them out .. " WELL POISONING "In 1347 such a great pestilence and mortality throughout almost the whole world that in the opinion of well- informed men scarcely a tenth of mankind survived ... Some say that it was brought about by the corruption of the air; others that the Jews planned to wipe out all the Christians with poison and had poisoned wells and springs everywhere. And many Jews confessed as much under tortures: that they had bred spiders and tads in pots and pans, and had obtained poison from overseas' and that not every Jew knew about this wickedness, only the more powerful ones, so that it would not be betrayed." POGROMS · Jews became scapegoats . Better hygiene than the rest of Europe · Accusations spread (similar to those in Crusades) · Massacres throughout Europe · Toulon, France; Erfurt, Basel, Aragon, Flanders, Strasbourg Di er Budun intento polter face I mentionem count inder er in mixerbus er putombus vmuertalucer ce la penenum m puteis. m fon abus in aquis fenete poittebdir prout potevature et hor feverune Pope Clement VI response: "seduced by that liar, the Devil" FLAGELLANT MOVEMENT OTHER CURES · Quarantine · Eat as much fish as you can . Don't eat any fish · Pour vinegar on all food · Bleeding . Carry flowers with you to protect from "air" · Licentiousness, debauchery and orgies AFTER THE PLAGUE · Substantially decreased population · 20%-70% in different regions . Commonly thought 1/3 of Europe dead · Probably about 45-50% · Decreased workforce, abandoned land . Poor gained money and land · Cost of living dropped · Forests and overgrowth increased . Urban cities on the rise FLORENCE · 1338: 120,000 · 1390: 60,000 · 1427: 38,000 · Europe's population bottoms out 1450 · Recovered to pre- plague population in 1600 Venice · Florence ITALY/n100 YEARS' WAR . 1337 to 1453 between England and France . Norman Conquest of England . English kings = Duke of Normandy · Feudal homage · Power struggle . English kings gained the upper hand by marriage · Edward III (r. 1327-1377) · Claimed the French throne . On, off again war = longest in Western History 200 miles ENGLAND London" 100 200 kilometers Southampton Calais" Flanders English Channel CHANNEL IS Khing R. Normandy Champagne Brittany Anjou Blois HOLY Touraine Burgundy ROMAN EMPIRE Poitou FRANCE Atvergne Bordeaux. Gascony Languedoc Toulouse 100 200 miles = 100 200 kilometers SPAIN 1337 (before the Battle of Crecy) English holdings French holdings Mediterranean Sea 100 200 miks ENGLAND London" H 200 kilometers Flanders Calab English Channel Crday 1345 CHANNEL Rouen Normanaly Champagne Brittany Anjou HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Poitiers Toumine Burgundy 1358 Poitou FRANCE Awvery Aquitaine Bordeauin Gascouy Linnguedoc Tosdouwe SPAIN 1360 (after the Battle of Poitiers) English holdings French holdings Battle Mediterranean Sen TREATY OF TROYES (1420) · French King (Charles VI) . Mentally ill for most of his reign · Designated English King (Henry V) as his heir · French throne will pass to England . Even though Charles had a legitimate heir! . Looks like England might win France . Both kings die in 1422 . Technically should have passed to English Henry VI . Only 9 months old · English continuously defeat France in 1420s CROSSBOW · First weapon ever banned by Catholic Church · Commoners could kill noblemen! CANNONS 0 0 P 0 Q o I HENRY VI · Crowned King of France in 1431 . In Paris (not Rheims) · Only king to be coroneted as French king · War of Roses · Shakespeare play JOAN OF ARC · French heroine . Catholic Saint and martyr · Unlikely Military hero . Turns the tides for French · Hearing voices · To be pious and good . Then take action (16 yrs) . Visit "King of France" . She was to lead French resistance to drive out English ENGLAND 0 100 200 miles London" 100 200 kilometers Flanders Calais" English Channel Agincourt CHANNEL 1415 Amiens 15. Acuen Normandy Paris. HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Brittany Champagne Doframy Anjou Chinòng Duchy of Courtine Bouges Burgundy County of Polliere Burgundy Poitou FRANCE Aquitable Gascon Languedoc Toulouse SPAIN Mediterranean Sea c. 1429 (after the Siege of Orleans) English holdings Battle French holdings Burgundian lands allied with England to 1435 Route taken by Joan of Arc, 1429-31 VICTORY AT ORLÉANS (1429) CAPTURE, TRIAL, EXECUTION . May 1430 - captured by Burgundians · Unhorsed by an archer, initially refused to surrender · French leaders didn't step in · Ransomed to English . Jan 1431 - Trial for heresy · "Asked if she knew she was in God's grace, she answered: 'If I am not, may God put me there; and if I am, may God so keep me.‘ · Cross-dressing . May 1431 - burned at the stake ENGLAND 0 100 200 Hihiles London" 100 200 kilometers Flanders English Channel CHANNEL - Nomandy Calale" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Anjon Brimmany Cheminpagrie Blois Touraine Duchy of Burgundy Potrou FRANCE Auvergine Aquitaine Bordeau Gascomy' Languedoc Toulouse SPAIN 1453 (end of war) English holdings French holdings Burgundian lands reconciled with France after 1435 Mediterranean Sea AVIGNON PAPACY · 1309 to 1378 a series of 7 Popes reigned in France . Power struggle with Holy Roman Emperor . "Babylonian Captivity" of Papacy 4 GREAT SCHISM (1378-1417) . Gregory XI returned the papacy to Rome · 1377 · Still a rival between Roman popes and Avignon · Pope Urban VI in Rome · Pope Clement VII in Avignon · Council of Pisa (1409) · To determine which Pope should be Pope . Failure from within, even elected a THIRD POPE !! · Conciliarism · Developed in response to this mess ENGLAND BELGIUM LU GERMANY Paris SWITZ. FRANCE ITALY Bordeaux Avignon Cinque Terre Nico . SPAIN Barcelona Corsica/nNotes - Need to write it in 800 words only following all the information and instructions Need to use the references attached only, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES apart from the materials attached In Giocanni Boccaccio’s Decameron how did civil order break down during the plague? How does the narrator try to explain why the plague happened? What are some of the things people through might save them from the plague? What sort of effects would this situation have on civilization? Use Boccaccio’s Decameron in Primary Resources, Chapter 11 Instruction:  Word Limit- 800  Reference work and formatting in MLA style  Typed solution required  AI solutions will be penalized