d. What is the remaining independent variable? (The independent

variables are the demographic variables, companion animals, and

what else?) (1 pt.)

e. One of the dependent variables is "chronic illness," which can be

described in the context of this study as follows: the number of

diagnoses a participant has received out of a given list of eight

chronic conditions. What are the other three dependent variables,

and how would you describe them? (3 pts.)

Item 2 Hypotheses and Hypothesis Testing

A. In general, what are the key differences between a null and alternative

hypothesis? Do NOT identify the null and alternative hypotheses here.

Focus on the broad, general differences between the null and alternative

hypothesis. (2 pts)

B. In your own words, specify the null hypothesis and alternative hypotheses

for the complement hypothesis in Pruchno et al. (2018). (2 pts)

a. Null:

b. Alternative:

C. How do the two competing hypotheses in the Pruchno et al. (2018) study-

the complement hypothesis and the hydraulic hypothesis-differ in relation

to pet and human support? (1 pt.)

D. In your own words, explain the basic logic of hypothesis testing. You may

wish to draw a picture first to help guide your explanation. (2 pts.)

E. Why can we reject a hypothesis but never prove a hypothesis? (3 pts)

Item 4 Self-report Scales

A. Identify at least two advantages and two disadvantages to using self-report

scales to measure the dependent variable(s) in a study. (4 pts)

B. Using your responses to A regarding the disadvantages of self-report

scales, identify whether the disadvantage identified could lead to lower

reliability, lower validity, or both. Explain your answers. (2 pts.)/nModule 2: Homework Assignment

30 pts.

Respond to the prompt(s) for each item below using complete sentences and clear

writing. You may single-space your work. A cover page or page numbers are not

required. Cite and reference only where indicated unless you utilize outside sources in a

response.

Return to the assignment page when you are ready to submit your assignment.

**You will need to download the article below from the assignment page.**

Pruchno et al. (2018)

Collaboration on this assignment is NOT allowed. Your work must be your own.

Item 1 Research Questions and Variables

A. For the following question types, generate a novel research question (i.e.,

do not use one from your text or course materials). Be sure to see the

examples in Chapter 2 of your text (4 pts.).

a. Descriptive

b. Causal (non-comparative)

c. Descriptive-comparative

d. Relationship

B. What is the research question for the Pruchno et al. (2018) study? (Be sure

to phrase it in a question format!) (1 pt.)

C. Identify the research variables in the Pruchno et al. (2018) study.

a. First, what are "demographic variables"? (1 pt.)

b. What are the demographic variables in this study? (2 pts.)

c. What are the levels of the independent variable "companion animals"

in the Pruchno et al. (2018) study? Identify each by name. (2 pts.)