Data Table Sheet (Team D) Experiment # 1: DC Circuit Analysis and Network Theorems PART A: Resistor R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 Source Voltage source (Vs) Current source (Is) Branch Voltages: Measured value of V1 Measured value of V2 Measured value of V3 Measured value of V4 Measured value of V5 Measured value of V6 Branch Currents: Measured value of l1 Measured value of 12 Measured value of 13 Measured value of 14 Measured value of 15 Measured value of 16 Value given 220 Ω 470 Ω 220 Ω 510 Ω 330 Ω 510 Ω V1= V2= V3= V4= V5= V6= 11= 12= 13= 14= 15= 16= Measured value Measured value 216,67 466.17 217.26 507,38 323.81 507.17 9.999 V 29.75 3.35 V 6.63 V 6.29 V 383,40mV 157.20mV 224.65 V 15.46 та 14.23 42.78 225 0.72 2.50 MA MA Node Voltages: Measured value of Va Measured value of Vb Measured value of Vc Measured value of Vd Resistance Measurement: Measured value of Ra Measured value of Rb PART B: Superposition Theorem: Measured value of Voc Both sources active Measured value of Voc Voltage source acting alone Measured value of Voc Current source acting alone Thevenin's Theorem: Measured value of Voc Measured value of Isc Measured value of Rt Measured value of VL Measured value of RL Va= 9.996 V Vb= 6,635V Vc= Vd= Voc= Ra= 465.2952 Rb= 277.962 Voc= Voc= Voc= Isc= Rt= VL = RL = 390.30mV 225,31 mV A 225.31mV 1.92 V -1.700 225.31mv 140.90mA 260.69 2 112.5 256.40-2 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem: Resistance For RL 100 Q For RL = 200 Q For RL = 300 For RL = 400 Q For RL = 500 RL = RT Measured Voltage VL= VL= VL= VL= VL= VL= €8.01 MU 107.75mV 136,44mV 166.94mV 170.71 117.88 Calculated Power PL = (VL) ^2 / RL PL= 46.25 W PL= 116.10 PL= 186 16 W PL= 278.70 W PL= 291.42 W PL= 138,96 W/n Chapter 3 - Experiment 1 D.C. Circuit Analysis and Network Theorems In this experiment you will build a circuit with a voltage source, a current source, and six resistors. You will measure the branch currents and the branch voltages, and verify that the measured values satisfy KVL and KCL. Then you will measure the node voltages. You will use the node voltages to calculate the branch voltages and the branch currents, verify that the currents agree with the previous measurement and verify that KCL is satisfied. 3.1 Pre-lab Exercises To prepare for the lab, read the instructions in the Instruments section above so that you will know how to operate the current source and the two models of digital multimeter that are used in the lab. 1. Read the instructions for the digital voltmeter in Section 2.1 of this manual. 2. Read the instructions for the power supply in Section 2.2.1 of this manual. 3. Read about the resistor color code in reference [11]. You will need to know how to read the resistor color code to assemble the circuits in the lab. 4. Download LTSpice [2] to your computer. Model the circuit shown in Figure 3.3. Use 400, R₂ = 300, R3 = 500, R4 10 volts, Is 25 mA, R₁ = = = = = 600 ₪, and R₁ = 400 N. Calculate the node voltages in Figure 3.7. values Vs 1000, R5 = 3.2 The Protoboard PD-60 Breadboard Figure 3.1 shows the Protoboard PB-60 breadboard system. At the top there are five banana jacks that are used to connect the voltage source and the current source to the breadboard, using banana-plug patch cords. The breadboard contains a matrix of spring-loaded insertion points where the end of a hook-up wire or a resistor can be inserted into the board to construct a circuit. A hook-up wire needs to be straight and have about 3 mm of bare wire so that you can insert it into a spring-loaded insertion point and make a reliable contact. The connection points are arranged into horizontal buses and vertical buses. At the bottom of the board there are two horizontal buses. All the insertion points in a horizontal bus are connected together. On each horizontal bus, there are 25 internally-connected insertion-points, in 5 groups. Note that each horizontal bus is divided into two halves that are not connected to one another. The middle of the board has four horizontal buses. One of them is used for ground, and a small black jumper wire has been used to connect the two halves of the ground bus together. The top of the figure has two horizontal buses. These are used for the power supplies and are connected to the red banana jacks. Each vertical buses has six insertion points in a vertical row all connected together internally. 24 Horizontal bus for jack #3. Horizontal bus for jack #2. Ground wire connected to the black banana jack. Horizontal ground bus. Horizontal bus for jack #4. 1 2 3 Vertical buses: Horizontal buses 4 5 Horizontal bus for jack #5. Jumper for the ground bus 500 ohm ten turn potentiometer. Three horizontal buses are connected to the potentiometer Figure 3.1 The Protoboard PB-60 breadboard system. Banana jack #1 is black and is intended to be used as the ground terminal. It is connected with a short wire to two vertical buses at left, and then to the horizontal ground bus, seen across the center of the figure. Banana jacks #2 to #5 are red and are connected with short wires to the horizontal buses just below the jacks. Inspect your breadboard to be sure that the connecting wires shown in Figure 3.1 are present. Also, make sure the banana jacks are firmly screwed down so that there is a good connection to the short wire at the base of the banana jack. Please don't disconnect these short wires. The breadboard includes a potentiometer (pot) at the upper right in Figure 3.1. The pot is connected with hook-up wires to vertical buses Y, Z and X below the pot. The potentiometer is connected between terminals Y and Z, and so the resistance from Y to X is 500 . The wiper of the pot is connected to a 100 resistor, which in turn is connected to terminal Z. Thus, the resistance between terminals Y and Z varies from 100 N to 600 N, depending on the setting of the dial. The turns-counting dial has ten turns in total, and can be set from 0.0 turns to 10.0 turns. The ohmmeter can be used to measure the resistance between Y and Z to set the pot to a desired resistance value. Each workstation has a plastic box containing hook-up wires and resistors, for you to use in constructing your circuit. 25 3.3 Procedure in the Lab 3.3.1 DC Circuit Analysis Construct the circuit of Figure 3.2 on the breadboard. The TA will give you values for the six resistors². Every lab group uses different values! Figure 3.2 shows the circuit assembled on the breadboard. The resistor values may be different from those given to you by the TA. V₂ + 66_99 Node B R₁ m Vs R2 R3 m Is 2 R4 3 Node C m Figure 3.2 Circuit for Experiment 1 Is 4 R5 R Node D R6 Comments Figure 3.3 Assemble the circuit of Figure 3.2 on the breadboard. = Notes Here is how to assemble the circuit in Figure 3.3. Use a patch cord with banana plugs to connect the voltage source output to the black banana jack on the breadboard and the “+” output to red banana jack #2. On the breadboard, the black banana jack is connected to the ground bus, and hence to the "-" ² TAs: Choose resistor values that make the Thevenin Equivalent Resistance in Figure 3.10 between 120 ohms and 510 ohms. Use values not greatly different from the nominal values of R₁ = 400 2, R₂ 300, R3 = 500, R₁ = 1000 N, R5 = 600 , and Ro = 400 2. Make sure that both the voltage source and the current source deliver power to the circuit. = 26 of the voltage source. Connect the "+" output of the current source to red banana jack #3 and the "-" to red banana jack #5. Use a jumper to connect the horizontal bus for the voltage source “+” from jack #2 to a convenient vertical bus. Choose a vertical bus to be node B, where resistors R₁, R₂ and R3 join. Then connect R₁ between the "+" vertical bus and the vertical bus for node B. Use a jumper to connect node B to the horizontal bus for the “+” output of the current source from jack #3. Then connect R₂ from node B to the horizontal bus for ground. Choose a vertical bus to be node C, and connect R3 from node B to node C. Connect R4 from node C to the ground horizontal bus. Connect node C to the horizontal bus for the “-” output of the current source from jack #4. Finally choose a vertical bus to be node D and connect R5 from node C to Node D. Finish by connecting R6 from the node D to the ground bus. Check your circuit carefully against the schematic diagram because it is easy to make a mistake. Resistor Values: The color bands on a resistor tell you the nominal value of the resistor[11]. The actual value may be somewhat different. Resistors have a color band giving the tolerance, gold for ±5% and silver for ±10%. As you assemble the circuit use the DMM as an ohmmeter to measure the actual value of each of the individual resistors. Value given by the TA Resistor R₁ R₂ R3 R4 R5 R6 Current Source: Set the Siglent 1000X to supply 25 mA, with a voltage ceiling of 15 volts, as described in Section 2.2.1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the voltage and the knob to set it to 15 volts. Then highlight the current and set it to 25 mA. Verify the sources: Set the voltage source to 10 volts. With the circuit connected to the two sources, make sure the voltage source operates in the CV mode and that the output voltage on the screen is 10 volts. Verify that the current source operates in the CC mode and that the output current is 25 mA. Source Voltage source Current source Measured Value Vs= Is = Measured Value 27 Branch Voltages: The branches in the circuit are the resistors. Use the DMM as a voltmeter to measure each branch voltages shown in Figure 3.4. Note that some of the branch voltages are negative. Vs Measured value of V₁ Measured value of V₂ Measured value of V3 Measured value of V4 Measured value of V5 Measured value of V V₂ + R₁ + V₁ Measured value of 1₁ Measured value of 1₂ Measured value of 13 R₂ 1₁ W R₁ m = = +ANI 12|3R₂ V₂ - + V3 - Figure 3.4 Branch voltages. V₁ = V₂ = V3 V₁ = V5 = V₁ 13 Is Is R3 R3 RA Branch Currents: Use the ammeter to measure the branch currents. The branch currents are the currents flowing in the individual resistors, 1₁, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, illustrated in Figure 3.5. To measure the current in a resistor you must connect the DMM in series with the resistor. Note that some branch currents are negative. 14 m RA Figure 3.5 Branch currents 1₁ 1₂ = 13 = + V₁ R5 + V5 15 w R5 R6 R6 m +5°1 16 V6 28/nINSTRUCTIONS It is not necessary to write the detailed procedure because it is given. • Lab report should concentrate on meaningful results, discussion, and conclusions, content well organized. Comparison of the experimental results with theoretical results and including error analysis. Discussion of the agreement or differences between the measured results and the values expected from theory. The "Experiment" file has the details of the procedure, and the "Lab 1 Results" file has the data to be used for the report

Fig: 1