Date First name Last name LABORATORY 1 Basic Physical Properties: The Metric System of Measurement Introduction In this lab, you will review some basic physical properties such as distance, volume, weight, and the temperature, and learn the metric system of measuring these properties. In the United States we use an old English system for our measurements and weights. In most other countries in the world, and in all of science, the metric system is used as the standard for measurement. The metric system is an international language and is also known as system Internationale (SI) or International system. For example, even if you cannot speak Russian you can in some fashion discuss distances with a Russian if you understand the metric system. This system is much simpler, and much easier to use than the English system because if is based on multiples of ten. That means that there are 10 units inside of 10 units inside of 10 units. For example, there are 10 millimeters (mm) within 1 centimeter (cm), there are 10 cm within 1 decimeter (dm) and there are 10 dm within 1 meter (m). To determine how many mm there are in 1 m, simply multiply 10 x 10 × 10. thus, there are 1000 mm in 1 m. or to learn how much 1 mm is of 1 m, divide 1 by 10, then by 10 again, then by 10 again for 0.001 of a meter (or 1 mm 0.001 m). This is totally unlike the English System. For example, in the English system to determine how many inches there are in a mile you have to multiply 12 × 3 × 1760 or 68,640 inches. To use the metric system, all you need to know are the meanings of a few prefixes (such as milli-, centi-, and kilo-), and the basic units: meter (for distance), liter (for volume), and gram (for weight). = Page-1 Exercise 1: Distance, Length, or Height Distance, or length, is a measure of the size of a one-dimensional object (such as a line or a path). In the English system, distance is measured in inches, feet, yards, and miles. There are 12 inches in a foot, 3 feet in a yard, 5280 feet in a mile. Notice that there is no common multiple in going from one unit to another. In the metric system, distance is measured in mm, cm, m, and kilometers (km). There are 10 mm in a cm, 100 cm in 1 m, and 1000 m in a km. Notice how easy it is to convert from one of these units to another (multiple of tens). Also, fractions of a unit can be easily expressed in decimal point notation (for example, 1 cm plus 3 mm can be written as 1.3 cm). This is more sensible than the English system, in which fractions of an inch are often expressed in halves, quarters, eights, and sixteenths, rather than in tenths. A. Measure the length a and b in English system and Metric system. a Print out the lab, and measure 'a' and 'b' with a ruler. a: b: Metric system cm cm b English system B. How many centimeters are in 1 inch? C. Determine your height using the English system. D. Determine your height using the metric system. AA Page-2 → inch inch cm Exercise 2: Area Area is a measure of the size of a two-dimensional object (such as a square, a circle, a piced of land). Area is measured in square units, such as a square inch (in²), square foot (ft²), or square mile (mile²) in the English system; or a square centimeter (cm²), square meter (m²), or square kilometer (km²) in the metric system. Land area is usually measured in acres in the English system (an acre is equal to 43,560 square feet); it is measure in m² and km² in the metric system. Another method to use to help you understand area is if you were to have your bedroom carpeted. How do you know how much to purchase? A. Calculate the area of the rectangle in Excise 1. Area in English system Area in metric system inch² cm² B. Below is a circle. Measure its radius and calculate its area. State units. AA Page-3 Radius of circle Area of circle Area Formulas Notes: “ab" means “a” multiplied by "b". "a2" means "a squared", which is the same as “a” times “a”. ni = 3 14 = a a square= a² circle = pi r² a b rectangle = ab ellipse = pir₁₂ C. Below is a map of part of Manhattan. Determine the length and width of Central Park. Calculate the area (Green area in the map below) of Central Park. Use the metric system. Douglass Circle Central Park North Harlem Meer LASKER RINK & POOL The Great Hill The Pool North Frawley Circle Conservatory Garden MUSEO DEL BARRIO MUSEUM OF THE CITY OF NY Meadow CENTRAL PARK 97th St Transverse Rd TENNIS COURTS East Meadow MT. SINAI HOSPITAL W 90th St Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir JEWISH MUSEUM COOPER HEWITT MUSEUM GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM 86th St Transverse Great METROPOLITAN Lawn MUSEUM OF ART DELECORTE THEATER OBELISK BELEVEDERE Belvedere AMERICAN HAYDEN PLANETARIUM 79th St Transverse Rd MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NEW YORK CASTLE Lake The Ramble HISTORCAL SOCIETY The Lake BOAT HOUSE Conservatory Pond Strawberry Fields BETHESDA FOUNTAIN & TERRACE THE FRICK COLLECTION BANDSHELL S Sheep Meadow The Mall East Green TAVERN ON THE GREEN THE 65th St Transverse Rd DAIRY WOLLMAN RINK ZOO Heckscher Playground W. 62nd St The Pond Grand Columbus Central Park South Army Plaza Circle 800 m Scale bar This is a map. Use the scale bar to estimate the area of the Central Park. Indicate the units. Scale bar in cm Length of the Central Park in cm on the map Width of the Central Park in cm on the map Real length of the Central Park using scale bar Real width of the Central Park using scale bar Area of Central Park. Map source: https://www.newyorkjourney.com/central_park_map.htm Page-4 → Exercise 3: Temperature In the English system, temperature is measured in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). In the metric system, temperature is measured in degrees centigrade (°C), which is also sometimes called Celsius. The size of a degree on the centigrade scale is different from the size of a degree on the Fahrenheit scale. On the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at 32 °F and boils at 212 °F. On the centigrade scale, water freezes at 0 °C and boils at 100 °C. A. Check today's weather temperature. In °C In °F B. If the temperature outside is 40 ° centigrade (C), should you wear your winter jacket or should you wear shorts and a tank top? C. To convert from Fahrenheit to centigrade, the equation to use is Tc = (5/9)*(TF- 32). To convert from centigrade to Fahrenheit, the equation to use is TF = [(9/5) * Tc] + 32. Convert the following temperature using the equations. 50 °F = 80 °F = 20 °F = -10 °F = 25 °C= 17 °C = 4 °C = -10 °C = Temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin, having references points for the boiling and freezing points of water. 373 K 310 K Conversion °F °C °C = (°F-32)x(5/9) Conversion ° C → °F °F = (°C x (9/5))+ 32 Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit 100 Kelvins 100 100°C 212°F 100 Celsius degrees 180 Fahrenheit degrees Boiling point of water 37° C 98.6° F 100 180 Normal body temperature 32°F 273 K 0° C Freezing point of water Boiling water by Pearson Education, Inc. 100 180 = 5:9 AA Page-5