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Figure Q1 shows a steel strongback (beam) BC which has a hollow circular section with the outer diameter of d, = 60 mm and modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa. Design requirements for the strongback BC stipulate that the strongback must withstand the lifting force of P = 60 kN and factor of safety of 2 against buckling. Recommend the minimum required wall thickness for the strongback so that it will not buckle.

Fig: 1