Materialism is the perspective, in metaphysics, that reality is knowable through experience. In other words, the physical world, which presents itself to us through the 5 senses, is real. Another

way to express this is to say that what is physical is real. Here we will be looking at Aristotle, who found Plato's ideas of "Form" as the highest reality somewhat lacking. That is, he thought that there is no way an intangible idea like Form can exist apart from the physical objects in of which they are said to be the "real" level of being. So, in his work, we see the idea that "substance" is the basis of reality. That idea is spelled out in the Categories as well as the Metaphysics. 1. Early into Aristotle's Categories, he discusses the role of homonyms.What's the significance of homonyms? What do they point out about thedifference between essences and names? 2. In line 1b of the Categories, Aristotle distinguishes between things said ofa subject and things in a subject. What is this distinction getting at? 3. What reasons does Aristotle give for his claim that all humans naturallydesire to know? Do you agree with Aristotle's reasons and conclusions abouthuman beings? 4. We typically thing of cause and effect as a singular concept, but Aristotleclaims that there are four distinct causes for things. What are these causes?How does Aristotle's understanding of cause and effect differ from our own?