/n EG-M93: 1200-Word Essay Department of Mechanical Engineering Research Objective Evaluate the role of a single element that is assigned to you (and other elements that it interacts with) in a IN713C Ni based super alloy and suggest its optimal range to enhance IN713C properties like Mar M246 with minimum changes to the cost and density. Research Objective The essay will study the effect of chemistry, including combination of elements and their ranges, on mechanical and corrosion strength in Nickel base superalloys to justify your recommendation. The quality of your thought process is assessed here. (i) Discuss the dependence of chemical compositions, either qualitatively or quantitatively, on ductility, creep strength and oxidation resistance for Ni based superalloys. Discuss the sensitivity of proportion of various alloying elements on defects and mechanical properties. (ii) Using the knowledge discovered in step (i), suggest how you would enhance/change chemistry for the IN713C alloy (in particular, the element assigned to you and other elements that it interacts with) to improve its creep strength and oxidation resistance at higher temperatures (similar to Mar M246) without affecting its density and costs. (iii) Your write-up must demonstrate clarity of various metallurgical concepts in your reasoning and discussion. Mechanical Properties Ductility at low temperature, high creep strength and high oxidation resistance in a wide temperature range Yield Strength MPa UTS MPa 1000 hour Tensile rupture Elongation % strength MPa (at 871 deg C) (at 871 deg C) (at 871 deg C) | (at 871 deg C) Cost IN 713 C 495 725 14 195 IN 738 C 550 770 11 215 IN 792 660 840 8 260 IN738 IN713C IN 100 695 885 6 260 IN718 GMR235 Mar M246 690 860 5 290 800 900 MM247 MM246 IN100 New Alloy Rene80 1000 1100 Stress Rupture Temperature @ 137MPa 100hrs https://nickelinstitute.org/media/8d93486143182f5/nickel_incopub393_updated-june-2021.pdf Table 1: Elemental composition of TW alloys Element Rene80 C 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.17 Ni 74 60 61.5 60 Mechanical Property of Turbo Wheel Alloys In713C MM246 IN738 Cost Vs. Mechanical Properties MM247 Cr 12.5 9 16 14 Co 10 8.5 9.5 Mo 4.2 2.5 1.75 4 Al 6 5.5 3.4 3 B 0.012 0.015 0.01 0.015 F Ti 0.8 1.5 3.4 5 Cost Ta 1.75 1.5 W 10.0 2.6 4 MM246 IN100 Zr 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.03 New Alloy Nb 0.9 2 IN738 IN713C Rene80 Density 7.91 8.44 8.11 8.16 3 IN718 GMR235 g/m³ y' solvus 1180 1180 1160 1150 800 900 1000 YC 1100 W increase density High Cr, Co and zirconium content improves Oxidation resistance but can reduce mechanical properties Stress Rupture Temperature @ 137MPa 100hrs Development of a new alloy will depend on the future demand of turbocharger applications Low density to minimise turbo lag High temperature capability up to 1000°C Low cycle fatigue (LCF) capability to meet high rotational speed of the turbo . Alloy cost Oxidation/corrosion/n· You will be asked to write about one element in the Gamma Strengtheners: Co, Re, Ru paper. • Gamma Strengtheners & Carbide Formers: Mo, Cr, W • Gamma Prime Strengtheners including Carbide Formers: Al, Ti, Nb, Ta • Grain Boundary Strengtheners: B, C, Zr • Miscellaneous: V, Hf, Y/n EG-M93: Metallurgy and Alloy Design Q1: Question (40 marks) Write a 1200-word essay (excluding references) to evaluate the role of a single element that is assigned to you (and other elements that it interacts with) in a IN713C Ni based superalloy and suggesting its optimal range to enhance IN713C properties (ductility, creep strength and oxidation resistance) like Mar M246 with minimum changes to the cost and density. The essay will study the effect of chemistry, including combination of elements and their ranges, on mechanical and corrosion strength in Nickel base superalloys to justify your recommendation. The quality of your thought process is assessed here. (i) (ii) (iii) Discuss the dependence of chemical compositions, either qualitatively or quantitatively, on ductility, creep strength and oxidation resistance for Ni based superalloys. Discuss the sensitivity of proportion of various alloying elements on defects and mechanical properties. Using the knowledge discovered in step (i), suggest how you would enhance/change chemistry for the IN713C alloy (in particular, the element assigned to you and other elements that it interacts with) to improve its creep strength and oxidation resistance at higher temperatures (like Mar M246) without affecting its density and costs. Your write-up must demonstrate clarity of various metallurgical concepts in your reasoning and discussion. The criteria for assessing the essay are given in the "Marking scheme for the 1200-word essay.pdf" file. Note that Turnitin will compare your essay with all previously submitted essays and papers available in the literature including internet. Every sentence in this essay must be your own. You need to assume that every academic misconduct case will be reported and dealt as per university regulations'. Format: 11 point, Times New Roman font setting, single column format. Margins: Left, right, top and bottom - at least 1.5 cm Guidelines on writing the report: Please make sure that your report is interesting to read than just a collection of references in the form of a bibliography. See the marking scheme. The 1200-word limit translates to approximately 250 words for Introduction, 800 words for the Main body text and 150 words for the Conclusion and the Recommendation. Introduction: include the following information in the first introduction paragraph for your given element: crystal structure, melting point, solubility in FCC Ni, cost and density in comparison to Ni. Why it is considered in super alloys (its role in creep, fatigue, stress rupture properties as well as oxidation and hot corrosion resistance.). The overall range used in the superalloy literature and compare with the range used for IN713C, IN738C, IN792, Rene80, IN100 and Mar M246. Main body text should contain reflective discussion on the literature review. Each paragraph should have two to four independent references that supports your thought process/arguments. Be quantitative in your discussion. Remember that the figure space allowed is only half of one column per element. References must be included but they do not count towards the 1200 word limit. Your papers must reflect state of the art knowledge. You should also include interaction of your element with other elements to let the reader know what to look for if the range of your element is changed. In the text you must not cite two or more references together at the end of any sentence. You need to comment on each paper, individually, and compare/contrast findings with another paper. Hence, there will be a separate sentence for each paper. Your overall conclusions must be based on such comparisons. Try to be quantitative wherever possible i.e., give specific ranges for each element. You would always want to compare it with the IN713C alloy composition. Most importantly, remember that I don't want you to define specialist metallurgical jargon or buzz words but demonstrate in your writing that you understand what the jargon or buzz words means. I don't want copy paste sentences from papers. It should be a convincing story in your own words supported by literature and you are developing quantitative opinions by evaluating contrasting/conflicting evidence. Paragraphs should contain a complete thought within a larger structure. Each paragraph is set apart by a distinct thesis sentence with supporting statements that either precedes or follows the sentence. Paragraph length is determined by the number of supporting sentences used to clarify the topic in a concise progression of thought. Each paragraph has a theme, and it conveys an argument. An argument may have two sides. Other authors may have different experience or point of view. This is clearly identified and put together in a logical and easy to understand way. Corroboration with other sources is always done. Only one reference cited at a time and three or more unique and credible references are cited per paragraph. At least one relevant example is given from a peer reviewed paper and is well justified in the text All figures and tables should also be numbered in sequence (e.g., Figure 1 etc.) and each should have a caption (and a reference, if necessary). Equations should be numbered (1), (2) etc. The text of your thesis should be written in the third person narrative form in most cases. For example, use "he" not "I" and "they" not "we." Use past tense for the purpose of style and ease of reading as well as formality. (http://www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/tips/thesis/) The use of subheads within a paper serves to highlight major points while adding a firm structure to the text and makes the paper more inviting to the reader's eye. Except for dimensions, numbers from one (1) to nine (9) that appear within the text of papers are to be spelled. Double digits appear numerically written thereafter. Conclusion: Conclusions must be in the bullet point format, quantitative in nature and originate from your reflective discussions. They can be generic for super alloys. Recommendation: Identify your recommendation and suggested range for your element to improve IN713C properties by reflecting on costs in comparison to Mar M246. REFERENCES Use the Vancouver referencing system¹. References should have the following elements: author(s); year of publication; title; and source (i.e., publisher and place of publication in the case of books and reports only). Book titles are underlined; titles of articles are enclosed with double quotation marks; journal titles are underlined. The journal title is followed by the volume number, then the number within the volume (or the month or season, depending upon the journal's style), and then the page numbers. You can use the DOI link. Internet reference: www.swansea.ac.uk Last accessed on 1st October 2010. https://myuni.swansea.ac.uk/academic-life/academic-regulations/assessment-and-progress/academic- misconduct-procedure/#penalties-available-to-the-committee-of-enquiry-in-cases-of-academic-misconduct-in- non-examination-conditions-is-expanded&to-36-academic-misconduct-in-non-examination-conditions=is- expanded ¹ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver system

Fig: 1