. NEED TO DO Topic :Mathematical Recreations for Women: From Newtonianism for the Ladies to The Ladies Diary. Word Limit is 1500 words • APA Style Thesis statement for this essay: "The Ladies' Diary was not merely a publication but a revolutionary platform that transcended its initial purpose as a mathematical and literary journal for women. By skillfully integrating mathematical problems with accessible literary content, it challenged the rigid 18th-century gender norms and paved the way for women's increased participation in the scientific community. This essay will argue that The Ladies' Diary played a crucial role in democratizing mathematics for women, by not only providing them with intellectual stimulation and a sense of community but also by subtly shifting societal perceptions towards the acceptance of women's capabilities in mathematics. Specifically, it will explore how the publication fostered intellectual curiosity among women, provided them with a unique educational resource, and contributed to the broader cultural shift towards recognizing women's contributions to scientific knowledge." Five references need to be used Are already attached Use Webpage https://maa.org/press/periodicals/convergence/mathematical-treasure-francesco- algarotti-s-newtonianism-for-the-ladies/n The following description outlines the three course components related to your historical essay: DRAFT ESSAY: (3% of your total grade for this class, 3/3) A draft of your essay should be uploaded electronically to QUERCUS. Your draft essay will be graded based on the following (1 point for references/bibliography, 1 point for identifiable essay structure such as thesis statement introduction body and conclusion, 1 point for completeness in terms of length of the paper). If you don't upload your draft essay to Quercus by the due date you will receive 0/3 on this component. No late submissions. You also must upload your draft a second time to Peer Scholar. To do this, click on the Peer Scholar exercise on our course page, load Peer Scholar in a new browser window, go to the Create phase of the activity and upload your draft document. PEER SCHOLAR EXERCISE: (2% of your total grade for this class, 2/2) Using Peer Scholar you will be matched with two essays written by your peers in this class. You will be given the task of reading these essays and offering your feedback on them. The students whose essays you comment on will then receive your feedback. You must upload your draft essay to Peer Scholar to participate and get marks for this activity!! Your peers will help you identify areas to revise in your writing before final submission. Student feedback in Peer Scholar is independent of grades given to you by course staff on your draft or final historical essay submissions. You have to complete all aspects of the "create" "assess" and "reflect" phases in Peer Scholar to get two points for this evaluation. If you don't finish all three phases you won't get the marks. If you don't leave any comments for your peer, and/or your effort to analyze your peers writing and make constructive comments for improvement is minimal, you will not get full marks. The activity period on March 25 is devoted to students completing the "assess" phase of the Peer scholar assignment. FINAL HISTORICAL ESSAY: (20% of your total grade for this class, 25/25) Uploaded electronically to QUERCUS. The essay should be 2000 words (papers accepted in the range of 1900-2100 words). LATE POLICY: There will be a deduction of 5% per day (including weekend days) on late submissions. A COMMENT ON STUDENT EFFORT: This final essay is a major component of your grade for this course. It is recommended that a paper topic be chosen before the end of reading week, and that your research and writing be under way by the middle of March. The essay should consist of your own work; it will be run through a standard database (Ouriginal) to verify that there has been no plagiarism. In particular, do not cut and paste text from websites into your essay. Do not use Al assisted software to compose the text of your essay. The usage of Generative Al tools without explicit statement of your use of these tools violates the academic integrity principles of the university. If we suspect plagiarism or use of artificial intelligence tools without disclosure in the composition of your essay, course staff may call upon you to provide an oral defense of your essay to verify it is your own work and based on your original thinking. 1 POLICY ON USE OF GENERATIVE AI: This assignment is designed to be completed without the use of generative Al, using your skills we develop in lecture, through discussing readings, and forming opinions and defending those opinions as I ask you to do on tests. However, you may use generative Al tools like ChatGPT as a research aid. We encourage you to review the section on generative Al tools in the course syllabus before considering using these tools in this assignment. Excellent work can be produced without the use of Al. The discussion we will have in class Researching and Writing Your Historical Essay will help us determine some of the ways generative Al can be useful and some of its pitfalls. Remember that you (and not any Al tool) are responsible for your own learning in this course, and for the final work you submit for this assignment. If you choose to use generative Al tools while working on this assignment, you must acknowledge which generative Al tools you used and how you used them. It is an academic offence to not credit sources― including generative Al—in work that you submit. This acknowledgment should take the form of an appendix and in-text citations. See below for details. APPENDIX: Students who choose to use Al must submit an appendix with their historical essay. This appendix should be titled "Appendix: Statement on Usage of Generative Al". Underneath this title, you must provide links to the raw transcripts that record your interactions with the tool while working on the assignment, including all prompts and responses. For example, you should create a subtitle in your appendix such as "Compose an opinion editorial about how great Newton's discovery of calculus is" prompt. ChatGPT 3.5, 25 Sept. version, OpenAI, 3 Oct. 2023, chat.openai.com/chat. Then paste the text that was generated on that date by this prompt, followed with the link to the transcript. For ChatGPT transcripts, use the “share” icon in the upper right hand corner. You can find out more how to create these citations here https://style.mla.org/citing-generative-ai/. CITATION OF Appendix CONTENT PRODUCED BY GENERATIVE AI: Moreover, should content be produced, written or discovered through artificial intelligence and this research or text incorporated into the body text of the historical essay, students must cite that content. For all standard references in this assignment, I am asking for those to be formatted in APA style. For your references that use information gathered through Al prompts, you will reference that where that text appears in your Appendix that has compiled all your prompts and responses generated. If you quote or paraphrase a passage from text generated by Al in response to a prompt, you should have already pasted the prompt and its associated text into your Appendix. Cite that output to signal you arrived at a certain fact or opinion or through your interaction with Al. You can do that by citing the Appendix using intext citation, e.g., place the citation (See Appendix: Statement on Usage of Generative Al, p. 13) at the end of the sentence of text in which you used the ideas from Al. Your final paper will be evaluated out of 25 points according to the following grading rubric: 7.5 points Motivation/Arguments: The essay presents a concise, well-stated, interesting and non-trivial thesis that is argued for persuasively. Analysis of historical sources is demonstrated. Clear and deep understanding of topic and concepts investigated. Student expresses reasoned opinion about topic at hand. Topic of paper is within scope of the course. 5 points Structure: The paper has an introduction, body, conclusion, and well-written topic sentences and coherent transitions between paragraphs. Historical material is presented in a logically cohesive way. Conclusion follows from the thesis and supporting evidence. Word count within 1900-2100 range. 5 points Written Style: Sentence structure to the point, appropriate use of paragraphs and foot/endnotes, formal (academic) style in mostly the third person, capitalization of proper nouns [e.g.: names, places, book titles], use of italics, underline or boldface is appropriate. 2.5 points Sources: At minimum the essay demonstrates a thorough reading and analysis of at least six different sources. At least four of these sources must be academic publications that can be found through the search function of the University of Toronto library system. Application of APA bibliographic style is clear and consistent for all citations. Quotations from sources are appropriate. Any usage of generative Al as a discovery tool within essay construction has been properly cited and documented within an Appendix according to the "POLICY ON USE OF GENERATIVE AI" laid out in this document. 5 points Overall effort: Essay demonstrates original thinking, creative research skills and/or good overall effort. The essay led the student to consider new questions or state a novel perspective on their topic. A passionately argued essay using mathematical and/or historical evidence. American Psychological Association (APA) bibliographic and citation conventions Please apply APA style for citations and references: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples Where to get started? The MacTutor website for the history of mathematics can be a starting place. If you go to the bottom of an article of interest click >References >show to see the source list for links. This is a good way to start finding sources for your research, depending on your topic. It can be a useful place (and a more rigorous/academic online source than Wikipedia) for history of mathematics: http://mathshistory.st- andrews.ac.uk/ Essay Topics Your essay should develop a perspective upon (thesis) about your topic. General descriptive overviews are not useful. Evidence presented in the essay must always have relevance to your thesis claim. I also encourage you to express yourself in your writing. Connect yourself in some way with your topic - this makes your writing more meaningful. What interests you about the topic? Use this question as your "way in" to finding a claim you want to make about it. What surprised you during your research? Observations you make, that are unique to you, often lead you to the best thesis statements. Give us your take on this discovery. Although your essay will contain factual material, it should be focused, analytical and motivated by your argument about a particular view upon the given topic. Is history just facts? No! It is interpretation of the facts that makes some historical essays exceptional! HERE ARE THE TOPICS ON QUERCUS ARE LINKS TO RESOURCES THAT MAY HELP YOU GET STARTED ON EACH TOPIC AREA 1. Religion or Rigor? The Calculus Pamphlet War 2. Crumbling Edge of Reason: Logicism as the Philosophical Foundation of Mathematics 3. Is Formalism Enough? Hilbert's Program to Establish Truth via Consistency in Modern Mathematics 4. Inventing Abnormality: Adolphe Quetelet's Invention of the "Average Man" 5. Chance or Divine Providence? Bernoulli and Arbuthnot on the Observed Birth Sex Ratio 6. Reading and (Mis) Understanding Data Stories: Visualization Idioms in the Work of William Playfair 7. Revolutions in Mathematics? Invention of Non-Euclidean geometry by Gauss, Lobachevsky and Bolyai 8. Mathematical Recreations for Women: From Newtonianism for the Ladies to The Ladies Diary 9. Exploring the Fourth Dimension: Polytope Geometry from Alicia Boole Stott to Donald Coxeter 10. A Measure of Human Fitness? Philippa Garett Fawcett, the Mathematical Tripos exam and Gendered Views of Human Intelligence 11. Srinivasa Ramanujan, G. H. Hardy and Eurocentrism in Mathematics 12. The Vector Algebra War 13. Euler's Bridge Problem and the Evolution of Topological Ideas 14. Infinity in Mathematics: Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Georg Cantor 15. Can a Machine Think? Alan Turing, William Ross Ashby, Warren S. McCulloch and Cybernetics ... If you wish to write on a topic not listed you will need to talk to me about this in office hours

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