OUM OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA ASSIGNMENT/ TUGASAN NBHS1112 BIOCHEMISTRY/ BIOKIMIA JANUARY SEMESTER 2024 SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION / ARAHAN KHUSUS 1. Answer in ENGLISH or MALAY. Jawab dalam BAHASA INGGERIS atau BAHASA MELAYU. 2. Number of words: 2500-3000 words excluding references. Jumlah patah perkataan: 2500-3000 patah perkataan tidak termasuk rujukan. 3. Submit your assignment ONCE only in a SINGLE file. Hantar tugasan SEKALI sahaja dalam SATU fail. 4. Submit your assignment ONLINE. Tugasan ini dihantar secara ATAS TALIAN. 5. 6. This assignment accounts for 40% of the total marks for the course. Tugasan ini menyumbang sebanyak 40% dari jumlah markah kursus. ASSIGNMENT QUESTION Part I Objective: The objective of this assignment is to apply the biochemistry knowledge learned in the module NBHS1112. A case study involving a 52 years old woman's medical condition is analysed. Information on the blood test result and vital sign reports are given. The student is asked to relate the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of the disease discovered with the treatment options. The student is also required to analyse the information in detail to evaluate and plan the treatment procedure. The assignment sharpens the problem solving skills and decision making skills under a complex situation. The assignment is aimed to improve the cognitive skills of the learners to understand the fundamental concepts of biochemistry. Scenario: Madam Suba is a 52 years old woman who has been diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus 6 months ago, during a health routine check-up. She takes no specific medication for her diabetes, and has been advised by her doctor to be careful with her food intake. She was distressed to discover that she was diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. She was so disturbed and did not seek any further treatment. Though, she was controlling her food well and was doing her exercise regularly. Often, her knee pains did not let her moves freely. Mentally, she became emotional due to her disabilities. Thus, she lost her focus on proper diet. She starts consume sugary drinks and unhealthy food. Her motive was to lose weight and bring the blood sugar down. On checking, her blood glucose level was 22.9 mmol/L [Normal: 3.9-6.1 mmol/L] and HbA1c: 11% [normal <6.5%]. She felt that she is feeling stressed due to the blood test result. She was admitted and on admission the following vital sign results were recorded: Requirement: Part II Height Weight Blood Pressure Pulse rate Respiratory Rate Temperature SpO2 167cm 105kg 140/80 mmHg ONLINE CLASS PARTICIPATION (10%) 95 beats/min 22 breaths/minute 36.7 °C 97% i. Describe the pathophysiology of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with links to Madam Suba's case. Include in your answer with risk factors for Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the pathogenesis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. ii. Elaborate complications of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and 3 levels of treatment options available for Type Diabetes Mellitus for Madam Suba. iii. Discuss Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) conditions in Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Elaborate the physical symptoms of Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). iv. Identify why Madam Suba's Blood Glucose Level is high on admission in hospital. Discuss how each reason you identify affects Blood Glucose Levels. [Total: 30 Marks] Discuss the following topic(s) in the forum and submit proof of your participation in the online discussions: 1. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body. However, their dietary intake must be within the limit of requirement. i. Discuss the functions of vitamins and minerals in human body. ii. State the dietary sources of vitamins and minerals in human nutrition. ii. Elaborate what are the diseases caused by deficiencies of vitamins and minerals in human body. SOALAN TUGASAN [Total: 10 marks] BAHAGIAN I Objektif: Objektif tugasan ini adalah untuk menerapkan pengetahuan biokimia yang telah belajar dalam modul NBHS1112. Satu kajian kes yang melibatkan kondisi kesihatan seorang pesakit perempuan berumur 52 tahun di analisa. Maklumat keputusan ujian darah dan laporan tanda vital diberi. Pelajar diminta untuk mengaitkan patofisiologi dan patogenesis bagi penyakit yang telah dikenalpasti dengan opsyen rawatan. Pelajar perlu menganalisa maklumat dengan teliti untuk menilai dan merancang prosedur rawatan. Tugasan ini mengasah kemahiran penyelesaian masalah dan kemahiran membuat keputusan dalam situasi yang kompleks. Matlamat tugasan ini adalah untuk menambah baik kemahiran kognitif para pelajar untuk memahami konsep asas biokimia. Senario: Puan Suba adalah perempuan berumur 52 tahun yang diagnosis dengan Diabetis Mellitus Jenis II enam bulan lepas dalam pemeriksaan kesihatan rutin. Beliau tidak mengambil ubat untuk diabetes dan dinasihati oleh doktor untuk menjaga pengambilan makanan. Dia bersusah hati mengetahui bahawa dia diagnosis dengan Diabetis Mellitus Jenis II. Dia berasa terganggu dan tidak mengambil rawatan susulan. Walaupun, dia menjaga makanan dengan baik dan membuat senaman secara teratur. Seringkali, sakit di lutut menyebabkan dia tidak dapat bergerak secara bebas. Secara mental, dia menghadapi gangguan emosi disebabkan kecacatan ini. Maka dia hilang fokus dalam diet yang betul. Dia mengambil minuman bergula dan makanan yang tidak sihat. Motif beliau adalah untuk mengurangkan berat badan dan mengurangkan tahap gula dalam darah. Dalam pemeriksaan, tahap gula dalam darah adalah 22.9 mmol/L [normal:3.9-6.1 mmol/L] dan HbA1c: 11% [normal <6.5%]. Dia merasakan bahawa dirinya menghadapi stress disebabkan oleh keputusan ujian darah.